Being acquitted or receiving a No Further Action (NFA) decision should feel like the end of the nightmare — the moment when everything returns to normal. But for many, that’s not how it feels. Instead of instant relief, there can be exhaustion, anxiety, anger, and a deep sense of loss for the time, trust, and relationships damaged along the way.

This stage is rarely talked about, yet it’s one of the hardest to navigate. The legal process ends, but the emotional fallout often doesn’t. Understanding what’s normal, and where to find support, can make a huge difference.

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Why Relief Isn’t Always Immediate

Spending months — sometimes years — under investigation or facing trial takes a toll on your mental health. By the time you’re cleared, your body and mind are often burned out. You’ve likely been living in survival mode, constantly bracing for the worst. When the case finally ends, it’s common to feel numb rather than overjoyed.

That’s because while the system has moved on, you’re still processing the damage — sleepless nights, reputational harm, strained relationships, and the disruption to work, finances, and family life. None of that disappears overnight, and it’s okay to feel frustrated that “getting cleared” doesn’t magically fix everything.

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Common Feelings After Acquittal or NFA

Everyone reacts differently, but there are some emotional themes we hear time and again:

• Exhaustion and burnout — months of adrenaline finally catch up with you
• Anxiety about the future — worrying if people still believe the allegation
• Anger and resentment — at the police, the accuser, or the system itself
• Isolation — friends or family may have stepped back during the process
• Loss of identity — especially if your job, hobbies, or relationships were affected

These reactions are natural. They don’t mean you’re “not coping” — they’re part of adjusting to life after prolonged stress and uncertainty.

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Rebuilding Your Confidence

When your name has been tied to an allegation, even unfairly, it can affect how you see yourself. Rebuilding confidence takes time, and small steps are important. Some people start by reconnecting with trusted friends and family; others find value in speaking with peer support groups, charities, or counsellors who understand the emotional impact of being accused.

If your case was highly public or affected your job, you may also need practical help managing stigma. Learning how to disclose what happened — and when to stay silent — can make a huge difference to how you move forward.

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Looking After Your Mental Health

The end of the case isn’t the end of the journey. Some people experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, or even PTSD after their legal process ends. If you notice flashbacks, panic attacks, or prolonged low mood, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to handle it without help.

You can:

• Ask your GP for a referral to talking therapies or counselling
• Access local NHS mental health teams
• Reach out to organisations like Mind, Samaritans, or the CJS Hub’s Wellbeing Hub for support
• Consider peer support spaces where you can talk to others who’ve been through the same thing

Asking for help isn’t weakness — it’s part of taking control of your recovery.

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For Families and Supporters

The emotional aftermath affects loved ones too. Parents, partners, and friends often carry their own stress, guilt, and anger after standing by someone accused of a crime. Communication matters here: being open about what you’re struggling with, while respecting each other’s coping styles, helps avoid misunderstandings that can deepen divides.

Supporters may also need their own spaces to talk — whether that’s peer groups, counselling, or connecting with others who’ve walked the same path.

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Final Thoughts

An acquittal or NFA may close the legal chapter, but it doesn’t close the emotional one overnight. You’ve been through something extraordinary, and healing takes time. Surrounding yourself with the right people, seeking out support when you need it, and accepting that recovery is a process — not a switch — can help you start rebuilding.

The CJS Hub is here to offer guidance, resources, and understanding — for you and for those around you.

Sentencing Options Explained

Why Sentencing Happens

If you plead guilty or are found guilty after trial, the court has to decide what happens next. Sentencing isn’t just about punishment — it also aims to protect the public, rehabilitate offenders, and deter future offending.

Sentences can feel complex, but in most cases, they fall into one of a few main categories. Knowing the basics can make things clearer for you and your family.

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Discharge — No Punishment, But Still a Record

Absolute Discharge:

• The court decides no punishment is needed.
• Rare, but can happen for very minor offences or where blame is minimal.

Conditional Discharge:

• No immediate punishment if you stay out of trouble for a set period (up to 3 years).
• If you commit another offence during that time, you can be sentenced for both.

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Fines

• Fines are common for minor offences, especially in Magistrates’ Court.
• The amount depends on the seriousness of the offence and your ability to pay.
• The court can set payment plans if you can’t afford the full amount up front.
• Not paying fines can lead to enforcement action — even prison in extreme cases.

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Community Orders

Community orders are designed to punish but also rehabilitate. The court can impose one or more “requirements,” such as:

• Unpaid Work (Community Service) — typically 40 to 300 hours, supervised.
• Rehabilitation Activity Requirements (RARs) — meetings, courses, or therapy aimed at addressing offending behaviour.
• Curfews / Electronic Tags — you may have to stay at home during certain hours.
• Exclusion Zones — banning you from certain places.
• Drug or Alcohol Treatment — compulsory testing or programmes if relevant.

Failing to comply can lead to harsher penalties, including custody.

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Suspended Sentences

This is where the court imposes a prison sentence but “suspends” it for a set period (up to 2 years).

• You don’t go to prison straight away, but you must comply with conditions (like attending appointments, doing unpaid work, or following curfews).
• If you commit another offence or breach the order, the sentence can be “activated” — meaning you serve the original prison time plus anything for the new offence.
• A suspended sentence is still a criminal conviction and will show on a DBS check.

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Immediate Custody (Prison Sentences)

If the court decides your offence is so serious that only prison is appropriate, you’ll be sentenced to custody.

How it works in England & Wales:

• Sentence length: Depends on the seriousness of the offence and your previous record.
• Automatic release:
  • Sentences under 12 months → Usually serve half in prison, the rest on licence in the community.
  • Sentences 12 months or longer → Usually serve half to two-thirds in custody, depending on offence type.
  • Extended sentences → For some violent or sexual offences, you may serve more in prison before release.
• Life sentences & IPPs: Special rules apply, and parole decisions are involved.

Even after release, you’ll normally remain on licence — meaning probation supervises you and you must follow strict rules.

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Young People (Under 18)

Sentences for young people are different and aim more at rehabilitation. Options include:

• Referral Orders — meeting with a youth offender panel to agree on a rehabilitation plan.
• Youth Rehabilitation Orders (YROs) — the youth equivalent of community orders, with tailored conditions.
• Detention & Training Orders (DTOs) — a mix of custody and supervised release.

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Victim Surcharges, Costs & Compensation

Whatever sentence you receive, the court may also order:

• A Victim Surcharge — a set amount based on your sentence, used to fund victim services.
• Prosecution Costs — contributing towards the CPS’s costs.
• Compensation Orders — paying money directly to victims.

These are in addition to any fines or other penalties.

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How Courts Decide: Sentencing Guidelines

Judges and magistrates follow official Sentencing Council guidelines. They look at:

• The seriousness of the offence.
• Any aggravating factors (weapons, repeat offending, targeting vulnerable victims).
• Any mitigating factors (genuine remorse, previous good character, mental health issues).
• Whether you pleaded guilty early.

Every case is different, but these rules keep sentences broadly consistent across England and Wales.

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Practical Tips for Defendants & Families

• Ask your solicitor to explain likely sentencing ranges before trial or plea.
• If you’re worried about custody, ask about pre-sentence reports — these can influence whether you get community-based options.
• Make arrangements for children, pets, bills, and work before sentencing day if there’s a chance of custody.
• If you get a community or suspended sentence, stick to the conditions — breaching them makes things much worse.

When someone is arrested in England and Wales, it unfolds through a number of distinct stages—each one governed by law and designed to protect both your rights and the integrity of the criminal justice process.

1. Grounds for Arrest
A police officer can arrest you without a warrant if they reasonably suspect it’s necessary—for example, if you’ve committed or are about to commit an offence, or to confirm your identity or prevent harm or interference with evidence. These powers are laid out in Section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE).

2. Informing You of the Arrest
Once arrested, the officer must inform you that you are being arrested, as soon as is reasonably practicable. They must also explain the grounds of the arrest—like referencing the suspected offence.

3. Arrival at the Police Station & Custody
You’ll be taken to a police station where a custody officer takes over. They record and may seize any items you have—if they believe those items may pose a risk or are relevant evidence.

4. Being Questioned and Your Rights
You have the right to legal advice, and to remain silent—there’s no obligation to answer questions. If you’re under 18 or considered vulnerable, an “appropriate adult” must be present to help safeguard your rights and welfare.

5. Detention Time Limits
There are strict time limits during which the police can lawfully hold you before charging or releasing you. These timeframes are set under PACE and follow-up legislation—they’re designed to prevent indefinite detention without charge.

6. Charging, Bail, or Release
Once in custody, police will decide with the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) whether to charge you. For serious offences, charging decisions rest with the CPS; for less serious ones, police can proceed without CPS input. You may then be released on bail with conditions or kept in custody until your first court hearing.

When someone is arrested in England and Wales, it unfolds through a number of distinct stages—each one governed by law and designed to protect both your rights and the integrity of the criminal justice process.

1. Grounds for Arrest
A police officer can arrest you without a warrant if they reasonably suspect it’s necessary—for example, if you’ve committed or are about to commit an offence, or to confirm your identity or prevent harm or interference with evidence. These powers are laid out in Section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE).

2. Informing You of the Arrest
Once arrested, the officer must inform you that you are being arrested, as soon as is reasonably practicable. They must also explain the grounds of the arrest—like referencing the suspected offence.

3. Arrival at the Police Station & Custody
You’ll be taken to a police station where a custody officer takes over. They record and may seize any items you have—if they believe those items may pose a risk or are relevant evidence.

4. Being Questioned and Your Rights
You have the right to legal advice, and to remain silent—there’s no obligation to answer questions. If you’re under 18 or considered vulnerable, an “appropriate adult” must be present to help safeguard your rights and welfare.

5. Detention Time Limits
There are strict time limits during which the police can lawfully hold you before charging or releasing you. These timeframes are set under PACE and follow-up legislation—they’re designed to prevent indefinite detention without charge.

6. Charging, Bail, or Release
Once in custody, police will decide with the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) whether to charge you. For serious offences, charging decisions rest with the CPS; for less serious ones, police can proceed without CPS input. You may then be released on bail with conditions or kept in custody until your first court hearing.

Post‑Arrest Procedures

Explore what happens after arrest, including interviews, charges, and court appearances.

1. Arrival at the Police Station & Custody

Once you’re arrested, you’ll be taken to a police station. There, a custody officer assesses whether there’s enough evidence to charge you or whether you should be held any longer. Right from the start, you must be informed of your rights—including the right to inform someone you’re being held and to consult a solicitor—and these must be recorded in your custody documents.

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2. Interview & Right to Legal Advice

Interviews are governed by PACE Code C, which protects your right to legal advice before questioning. You must be cautioned, and your solicitor (or duty solicitor) should be present. If you’re a child or vulnerable, an appropriate adult must also be involved.

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3. Length of Detention

From the moment you’re arrested or arrive at the station—whichever is earlier—the clock starts ticking on how long police can lawfully detain you without charging. The basic limit is 24 hours, but extensions are possible up to 36 or 96 hours, depending on the severity of the offence and authorisation level.

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4. Decision: Charge, No Further Action & Other Outcomes

After interviews and investigation, one of several things can happen:

• No Further Action (NFA): If there’s insufficient evidence, the police may release you without charge and take no further action.
• Charge: You may be formally charged, in which case you’ll be classified as a defendant.
• Alternative Outcomes: Sometimes, you might be offered a caution, fixed penalty, or diversion, depending on the offence and circumstances.

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5. After Charging: Court Appearance

If you’re charged, the police will let you know whether you’ll be released with bail or held in custody until you’re brought before a court.

Your first court hearing will always be at Magistrates’ Court, even if the case is later transferred to Crown Court for serious matters.

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6. Magistrates’ Court: What Happens Next

At the first appearance in Magistrates’ Court, the court will:

• Confirm your identity and the charges;
• Ask if you plead guilty or not guilty;
• Decide whether you should be released on bail, remanded in custody, or proceed under conditional release.

If the case is serious enough, it may stay in or transfer to Crown Court. For less serious matters, the court may deal with or conclude the case itself.

Assault is a broad term that covers a range of violent offences, from minor scuffles to incidents causing serious injury. At its lowest level, it can involve threats or minor physical contact, while at its highest, it includes causing significant harm to another person. Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) is one of the most serious forms of assault and refers to causing really serious injury, whether deliberately (known as with intent, under section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861) or recklessly (under section 20). Both are serious criminal offences, and GBH with intent carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Being accused of assault or GBH is a serious matter that can have life-changing consequences. These offences often carry prison sentences, so it’s vital that you have an experienced Criminal Defence Solicitor fighting your corner from the very start. A good solicitor will know exactly how the police work, the tactics they use, and how to protect your rights every step of the way.

The right solicitor will:

• Find out what suspicions the police have about your alleged involvement and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
• Check your custody record and speak with the Custody Sergeant to make sure proper procedures have been followed.
• Attend your interview under caution, giving you clear legal advice and ensuring the interviewer stays within their legal powers and the required Codes of Practice.
• Challenge any unnecessary or disproportionate bail conditions if the police are considering pre-charge bail.
• If you are charged, analyse the prosecution evidence in full, assess its strengths and weaknesses, take detailed instructions from you, and obtain witness statements or expert evidence about the complainant’s injuries where relevant.
• Work with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, represent you in court, and guide you on whether to plead guilty or not guilty. They can also make or renew bail applications where appropriate.
• If convicted, make submissions to reduce the severity of your sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

In many assault or GBH cases, the evidence can be limited to one person’s word against another. It’s common for the police to focus heavily on the complainant’s version of events, which can lead to innocent people being caught up in situations such as bar fights or street altercations that got out of hand. Having the right solicitor ensures your side of the story is properly heard and that all relevant evidence is investigated, not just what suits the prosecution’s narrative.

If you’re facing an investigation or charge for assault or GBH and need help finding a reliable solicitor, get in touch using the links below—we’ll help you find the right legal support for your situation.

Being accused of attempted murder is one of the most serious situations anyone can face. It’s a charge that brings huge anxiety and uncertainty, not only for you but also for your family. These cases are complex and demanding, requiring careful handling, detailed preparation, and a strong defence strategy. Questions about the defendant’s state of mind and the use of advanced forensic techniques make it essential to have experienced, specialist representation from Criminal Defence Solicitors who understand the nuances of such cases. They will be able to identify the key issues quickly and present your case clearly and effectively before a judge or jury.

Because a conviction for attempted murder carries the possibility of a life sentence, it is vital to have an experienced and knowledgeable solicitor in your corner—someone who understands how the police and Crown Court prosecutors operate and can anticipate their tactics.

If you’re unsure where to start, we can help you find a solicitor who will:

• Establish what suspicions the police have and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
• Examine the custody record and liaise with the Custody Officer to ensure all procedures have been followed correctly.
• Attend your interview under caution, ensuring you receive proper legal advice and that the interview remains within the limits of the law and relevant Codes of Practice.
• Scrutinise the evidence, gather witness statements, and obtain forensic and expert opinions to build a strong defence based on the full circumstances.
• Work closely with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel, represent you in court, and guide you on the best course—whether that’s a guilty or not guilty plea.
• Prepare any necessary submissions to reduce the severity of sentencing if convicted, and advise on potential grounds for appeal.

Attempted murder investigations are often intricate, involving vast amounts of police evidence and complex forensic analysis such as DNA and ballistics. You need a defence team that not only understands the technicalities but also works closely with leading experts in scientific, medical, and forensic fields. This collaboration is critical in tackling the sophisticated issues that frequently arise in these cases.

In many instances, mental health plays a central role, particularly when assessing intent—the key element in attempted murder. If you or a loved one have been sectioned under the Mental Health Act or are struggling with psychiatric issues following an incident, it’s essential to have a team experienced in securing expert medical assessments and challenging the prosecution’s case from the earliest stage.

Understand the differences between bail, police bail, and Release Under Investigation (RUI).

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Police Bail (Pre‑Charge Bail)

Also known as pre-charge bail, this is used when the police have arrested someone but aren’t ready to charge them yet. Instead of keeping you in custody, they release you with requirements, such as returning to the station or sticking to certain conditions.

Under PACE and updated by the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022, these bail periods can now last up to nine months—initially up to three months, then extendable twice by three months each. If more time is needed after nine months, the police must go to court for approval.

Conditions might include:
- Reporting regularly to a police station
- Staying away from certain individuals or locations
- Not interfering with evidence or witnesses.

If you fail to comply with the conditions, it’s not automatically a criminal offence—but you can be re-arrested and potentially denied bail in future.

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Release Under Investigation (RUI)

Released Under Investigation, or RUI, means you’re allowed to go home without any conditions and without a set date to return. The police may still be investigating, but there’s no formal timeline.

This became more common after 2017 reforms that limited the use of bail, although those changes caused frustration because:

• There’s no time limit or oversight on how long it lasts.
• There are no conditions, so nothing stops you from contacting people involved—though you should seek advice before doing so.
• It leaves both the suspect and the alleged victim in limbo, sometimes for months or even longer.

The Police Crime Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 aimed to correct this by encouraging more use of bail (when necessary and proportionate), to provide more oversight and structure.

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Post-Charge Bail (Court Bail)

Once you’ve been formally charged, you can be released on bail by the court. This might be for your first hearing or while awaiting trial. Conditions can still apply, and you must appear in court on the set date.

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Summary Table

Situation	What It Means	Timeframe & Conditions
Police Bail (Pre-Charge)	Released from custody but with conditions	Up to 9 months, conditions applied
Release Under Investigation (RUI)	Released without conditions or time limits	No time limits, no conditions; can feel indefinite
Post-Charge Court Bail	Released after charge while awaiting court	Set by court, conditions may apply

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Final Thoughts

• Police Bail gives structure and oversight, particularly useful when conditions are necessary.
• RUI avoids restrictions—but can leave you stuck without answers or guidance.
• Court Bail ensures you avoid unnecessary custody while waiting for your hearing.

If you’re unsure what your status means, or what to do next, getting legal advice early is always a wise move.

Understand the differences between bail, police bail, and Release Under Investigation (RUI).

Police Bail (Pre‑Charge Bail)

Also known as pre-charge bail, this is used when the police have arrested someone but aren’t ready to charge them yet. Instead of keeping you in custody, they release you with requirements, such as returning to the station or sticking to certain conditions.

Under PACE and updated by the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022, these bail periods can now last up to nine months—initially up to three months, then extendable twice by three months each. If more time is needed after nine months, the police must go to court for approval.

Conditions might include:
- Reporting regularly to a police station
- Staying away from certain individuals or locations
- Not interfering with evidence or witnesses.

If you fail to comply with the conditions, it’s not automatically a criminal offence—but you can be re-arrested and potentially denied bail in future.

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Release Under Investigation (RUI)

Released Under Investigation, or RUI, means you’re allowed to go home without any conditions and without a set date to return. The police may still be investigating, but there’s no formal timeline.

This became more common after 2017 reforms that limited the use of bail, although those changes caused frustration because:

• There’s no time limit or oversight on how long it lasts.
• There are no conditions, so nothing stops you from contacting people involved—though you should seek advice before doing so.
• It leaves both the suspect and the alleged victim in limbo, sometimes for months or even longer.

The Police Crime Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 aimed to correct this by encouraging more use of bail (when necessary and proportionate), to provide more oversight and structure.

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Post-Charge Bail (Court Bail)

Once you’ve been formally charged, you can be released on bail by the court. This might be for your first hearing or while awaiting trial. Conditions can still apply, and you must appear in court on the set date.

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Summary Table

Situation	What It Means	Timeframe & Conditions
Police Bail (Pre-Charge)	Released from custody but with conditions	Up to 9 months, conditions applied. After 9 Month to extend police must apply to the courts
Release Under Investigation (RUI)	Released without conditions or time limits	No time limits, no conditions; can feel indefinite
Charged/Bailed To Court	Released after charge and given a date to attend court. This can be with or without bail conditions.	To attend court on the date the custody officer tells you at point of release.

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Final Thoughts

• Police Bail gives structure and oversight, particularly useful when conditions are necessary.
• RUI avoids restrictions—but can leave you stuck without answers or guidance.
• Charged/Bailed To Court – ensures you avoid unnecessary custody while waiting for your hearing.

If you’re unsure what your status means, or what to do next, getting legal advice early is always a wise move.

Legal Aid vs Private Solicitors: Pros, Cons & Pitfalls

Legal Aid: What You Need to Know

What it covers: Legal aid in criminal cases is intended to ensure that people who can’t afford representation still have access to legal advice and defence—crucial under Article 6 of the ECHR, which guarantees a fair trial.

It’s administered by the Legal Aid Agency (LAA), and can cover work by both solicitors and barristers.

Qualification is based on two tests:

1. Interests of Justice (IoJ) — ensures legal aid is available if your case could result in a custodial sentence, is serious, or other factors that mean fair representation is needed.
2. Means Test — based on your income, capital, and household circumstances. The figures differ depending on whether it’s Magistrates’ Court or Crown Court.

Quick thresholds:

• Magistrates’ Court: Your gross income must usually be under £22,325. If your disposable income (after allowable deductions) is under £3,398, you qualify. Above that, you may have to pay for your defence yourself, unless you pass a hardship review.
• Crown Court: Broadly, if your disposable annual income is under £37,500, you remain eligible. If it’s very low, you won’t have to contribute at all.

Passporting benefits: You automatically get legal aid if you’re under 18 or on certain benefits like Universal Credit, Income Support, JSA, ESA, or Pension Guarantee Credit.

Pros of Legal Aid:

• Low or no cost for those eligible.
• Access to trained and accredited solicitors and counsel.
• Formal funding structure and standards in place.

Cons:

• Strict eligibility— some are excluded due to financial cut-offs especially in the magistrates court.
• The means test hasn’t kept pace with inflation, cutting more people off.
• Fewer legal aid providers in some areas, and low fees can drive lawyers away from taking cases.

Private Solicitors: What to Consider

Pros of hiring privately:

• More solicitor choice and flexibility.
• Often more time and tailored attention, especially for complex cases.

Cons to watch out for:

• Cost can be very high—some private criminal defence can cost thousands.
• Without proper checks, poor service or overcharging is possible. There was the Glanville Davies case, where a solicitor was fined thousands for inflated fees and misconduct.

How Legal Aid Actually Works — In Practice

• The LAA processes most criminal legal aid applications within 2 days.
• During the application, your income, savings, savings from benefits, you and your partner’s situation, plus any children or dependents, are factored in.
• If you don’t qualify, you can request a hardship review—they may reconsider based on essential expenses or costs of the case.
• Certain areas, like advice at the police station or child protection cases, may be non-means tested—meaning legal aid is available regardless of income.

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Spotting a Poor or Ineffective Solicitor

Your solicitor should help you feel informed, stretched if needed, and confident. But poor representation can mean actual consequences—even wrongful convictions.

Signs of inadequate representation:

• Poor preparation or missing key witnesses (e.g., a solicitor failing to instruct a crucial alibi witness led to a CCRC referral and overturned conviction).
• Late notice to counsel, insufficient pre-trial work, or failure to review police evidence properly.
• If a solicitor ignores core issues or doesn’t explain your options.

Legally, to overturn a conviction, you must prove:

1. The performance was deficient (seriously below standard), and
2. This directly caused a miscarriage of justice.

It’s rare for poor representation alone to succeed as a ground for appeal unless it fundamentally undermined the trial’s fairness

If you need some help identifying solicitors that can help then contact us below.

Facing the criminal justice system can be one of the most isolating experiences a person or family can go through. Whether you’ve been accused, are awaiting trial, serving a sentence, or supporting someone who is, it can feel as though the world has suddenly got smaller — friends stop calling, family pulls away, and routines vanish overnight.

You’re not alone in feeling like this. The combination of stress, shame, and uncertainty can make it hard to reach out for help, but there are ways to manage those feelings and keep yourself connected while you navigate this difficult time.

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Why Isolation Happens

For many, isolation isn’t just physical — it’s emotional too. You might withdraw from people to avoid judgment, or you may find that others step back because they don’t know what to say or believe. If you’re in prison, time locked in your cell and limited social contact can intensify these feelings. Even families supporting someone can feel cut off from friends, work, and normal routines because of the stigma attached.

Understanding that these feelings are a normal response to an abnormal situation can be the first step in tackling them.

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Managing Feelings of Loneliness

Small, steady actions can make a huge difference when dealing with isolation:

• Stay connected where you can — Whether it’s short calls, letters, or messages, even small check-ins with people you trust help maintain a sense of belonging.
• Build a routine — Structure brings stability when everything else feels uncertain. Simple daily habits — a set wake-up time, exercise, writing, or reading — can give you a stronger sense of control.
• Use available support — If you’re in custody, prison peer-support schemes, chaplaincy services, and education activities can reduce loneliness. Outside, support groups and online communities can connect you with people who understand what you’re going through.
• Talk about what’s happening — Shame thrives in silence. Sharing your experience with someone who listens without judgement — a counsellor, friend, or peer group — can ease the weight you’re carrying.

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Coping with Shame

Isolation often deepens feelings of shame — whether it’s about the accusation itself, the way others treat you, or simply being caught up in the system at all. Shame can make you feel unworthy of support, but it’s important to remember: what’s happening does not define your value as a person.

Speaking openly in safe spaces — whether with family, trusted friends, or specialist peer-support groups — can help dismantle the sense of “being alone” in this experience.

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Support for Families and Supporters

If you’re standing beside someone accused or convicted, isolation can hit you hard too. People often don’t understand what supporters go through — the sleepless nights, missed work, fear for the future, and feeling like you can’t talk to anyone.

Reaching out to services, joining support groups, or connecting with others in similar situations can provide relief. The CJS Hub connects families and friends to information, guidance, and communities designed to help you cope too.

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Looking After Your Mental Wellbeing

Isolation, shame, and fear can take a toll on mental health. If you notice changes in sleep, appetite, mood, or motivation, it’s important to reach out early — not wait until things become overwhelming.

Professional help can be accessed through:

• Your GP for counselling referrals and mental health support
• Prison healthcare teams if you’re in custody
• Helplines and online resources where you can speak anonymously

The CJS Hub’s Wellbeing Hub also offers guides, tools, and links to organisations that specialise in supporting people going through the criminal justice system.

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Isolation doesn’t have to be permanent. It’s a natural reaction to extraordinary pressure, but there are ways to manage it and start reconnecting. Even small steps — talking to someone you trust, joining a support space, or creating a simple daily routine — can make a real difference to how you cope.

If you or someone you love is feeling overwhelmed, remember: you don’t have to face this alone.

Walking into prison for the first time can be overwhelming. Whether you’re going in yourself or supporting someone who is, the reality of day-to-day life can feel very different from what the official leaflets describe. Prisons are meant to provide structure, routine, and access to work or education, but in many local reception prisons, staff shortages and overcrowding mean a lot of time is spent locked in your cell.

Most people start their sentence, or are held on remand, in a local prison. These are busy, high-pressure environments where resources are stretched. Breakfast usually comes in the form of a small “breakfast pack” given to you the night before — often cereal, milk, maybe a juice carton or teabag — so you’ll eat in your cell rather than collecting a fresh meal in the morning. Unlock times vary from prison to prison, but delays are common, and it’s not unusual to still be behind your door well past 8am.

Once unlocked, the day depends on where you are, your sentence, and what activities are available. You might be allocated work, education, gym time, or exercise in the yard, but in many locals, these sessions are frequently cancelled if there aren’t enough staff. For those on remand wings especially, there’s often very little structured activity, and long periods of lock-up are the norm. Association — the short window where you can mix with other prisoners can be as little as an hour in the afternoon or evening, and even that sometimes gets cancelled. By early evening, after the last meal of the day, many wings are locked down for the night, which can be as early as 6pm or 7pm.

For those serving longer sentences, things often improve over time. Many people are eventually moved on from local prisons to training prisons or resettlement prisons, where there are usually more opportunities to work, study, and prepare for release. These prisons tend to feel calmer, with longer association periods, more consistent routines, and better access to education or vocational training. Later still, for those on lower-risk categories, there are open prisons where movement is freer and, in some cases, you may even be able to apply for Release on Temporary Licence (ROTL), which allows short periods outside the prison to work or reconnect with family as part of preparing for life after custody.

Keeping in touch with loved ones is one of the most important parts of prison life. At most prisons, you’ll have access to phones in your room that can call pre-approved numbers, and many establishments also run the “Email a Prisoner” service, where family and friends send messages online that are printed and handed out on the wing. Social visits can be booked in advance, and the number you’re entitled to depends on whether you’re sentenced or on remand. Some prisons also offer video calls, though availability varies.

Work, education, and activities are meant to form part of daily life, but again, what’s offered in reality depends on where you are. Jobs might include cleaning, working in the kitchen, helping in the library, or assisting other prisoners, while some prisons run workshops teaching practical skills. Education ranges from basic literacy to Open University degrees, but accessing these opportunities can take persistence, especially in crowded locals where waiting lists are long.

Religion and chaplaincy also play a big role for many people inside. Every prison has a chaplaincy team, and they’re there for everyone — regardless of faith or belief. You can attend services, have one-to-one support, and speak to chaplains about personal or family difficulties. A lot of prisoners say the chaplaincy team are among the most approachable people in the prison, and you don’t need to be religious to seek their support.

Adjusting to the social side of prison life can take time. You’re sharing space with hundreds of strangers, all coping in different ways, and tensions can sometimes run high. Keeping a low profile, staying respectful, and finding your own small routines usually makes things easier. Support is available if you feel unsafe or overwhelmed — through the safer custody teams, healthcare, peer listeners trained by the Samaritans, and the chaplaincy.

Daily prison life can be tough, especially in the first few weeks while you adjust to the pace, but knowing what to expect helps. For many, the hardest part is the amount of time spent behind the door — finding ways to fill that time makes a real difference. Reading, writing, journaling, planning calls, or setting personal goals can give the days more structure. And while resources can be stretched, there are people and services in every prison whose role is to help you manage, cope, and prepare for what comes next.

What Happens When You Plead Guilty

Pleading guilty means you accept responsibility for the offence. There’s no trial—your case moves straight to sentencing. That might be a fine, community order, or imprisonment depending on the offence’s seriousness.

The big trade-off:

• Sentence reduction. You could get up to one-third off your sentence for an early guilty plea. The earlier it is entered, the bigger the discount. If you plead guilty only on the day of trial, reductions are as low as 10%.
• Practical relief. Especially if you’re on remand, a guilty plea can mean immediate release based on time served. That has become more common as court delays force people to spend much longer behind bars unnecessarily.

But rushing to plead guilty can have deep consequences—emotionally, legally, and ethically.

What Happens When You Plead Not Guilty

Pleading not guilty means your case will go to trial, and the court must find you guilty beyond reasonable doubt.

The benefits:

• Defending your innocence. If there’s a chance you didn’t commit the offence or have a defence, you can challenge evidence and push for acquittal.

The risks:

• If convicted, you may face a harsher sentence than if you had pleaded guilty early, because you lose out on the reduction.
• Court delays and uncertainty. Trials can be pushed back for months or years—delays that damage family life, stability, and mental health.

Real Pressures on the System

Lengthy trials, backlogs, and remand overcrowding have led many people—sometimes even innocent—to plead guilty just to escape prison. Some remand prisoners have been told they will be released immediately if they plead guilty, even if evidence is weak. This creates a system that unwittingly makes guilty pleas seem like the easiest path.

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Can You Change Your Plea?

Yes—sometimes.

From Not Guilty to Guilty

Easy enough. You can change your plea to guilty at any point before the verdict. Judges typically allow it, and you may still receive some sentence reduction, depending on timing.

From Guilty to Not Guilty

This is harder—but possible in certain circumstances:

• The court has judicial discretion to allow a plea withdrawal before sentencing, especially if:
  • The plea was equivocal (uncertain, e.g., “Guilty, but…”)
  • You can point to undue pressure or poor legal advice at the time
  • There’s a serious procedural unfairness or new evidence emerges

However, the court treats such requests cautiously. The application must be made promptly and in writing, clearly explaining why keeping the guilty plea would be unjust. You’ll need legal support to make a strong case.

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Compare Your Options

Plea	What It Means	Benefits	Risks
Guilty	Admit offence, go to sentencing	Sentence reduction; quicker release / lower punishment if not prison	Permanent record; loss of trial chance; emotional burden
Not Guilty	Contest the case, proceed to trial	Chance of acquittal; defend rights	Heavier sentence if convicted; long waits; uncertainty
Change Plea	Switch decisions based on counsel/advice	Flexibility if early	Hard to reverse plea; may need court’s say-so

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Choosing your plea is one of the most serious decisions you’ll make in the process. It affects your freedom, your record, and your mental wellbeing—and indirectly affects your family and supporters too. You don’t have to face it alone. Getting specialist legal advice early is vital—they can help you understand your odds, the evidence, and what life on remand could look like while you’re waiting.

A drug conspiracy charge means that the police or prosecution believe two or more people agreed to be involved in supplying, producing, or importing controlled drugs. It doesn’t require drugs to have been physically found at the time of arrest — the offence lies in the agreement itself. The law comes from the Criminal Law Act 1977 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, and covers all drug classes (A, B, and C).

Conspiracy charges are often based on long-term investigations, sometimes involving phone evidence, surveillance, or EncroChat and other encrypted messaging systems. The prosecution doesn’t need to prove that the plan was completed — only that an agreement existed and that the accused person took part knowingly.

Why these cases are so serious

Conspiracy to supply drugs is treated by the courts as one of the most serious drug offences. Sentences are often lengthy and depend on the role played, the class and quantity of drugs involved, and whether the alleged agreement was commercial or social in nature.

However, conspiracy cases are rarely straightforward. People can be accused simply through association — such as contact with others who are under investigation — or through messages taken out of context. The evidence can be vast and technical, including months of phone downloads, surveillance logs, and cell-site data. It takes a skilled defence team to unpick it all and show whether a genuine criminal agreement ever existed.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor with experience in conspiracy cases will know how to challenge the prosecution’s assumptions and expose weaknesses in the evidence. They will:

• Find out the exact basis of the allegation and what role you are said to have played.
• Review disclosure thoroughly, including phone downloads, EncroChat or encrypted message data, and surveillance records.
• Examine whether the prosecution can actually prove an agreement between you and others — not just contact or friendship.
• Challenge how the evidence was obtained, particularly if digital material came from covert operations or foreign law enforcement.
• Instruct forensic, cell-site, or communication experts to interpret complex digital material and clarify what it really shows.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court, exploring all defences such as lack of knowledge, duress, or mistaken identity.
• If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeals, including challenges to sentence length or the fairness of the evidence.

Drug conspiracy investigations can be long, stressful, and highly technical. Having an experienced solicitor ensures that your defence is properly investigated, that disclosure is complete, and that every piece of evidence is examined in context rather than accepted at face value.

If you have any questions about drug conspiracy allegations, EncroChat investigations, or how police handle digital evidence — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Drug importation is a serious criminal offence that involves bringing controlled drugs into the United Kingdom, whether through airports, seaports, postal deliveries, or overland routes. It falls under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and covers all classes of drugs — from Class A substances such as cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy to Class B and C drugs like cannabis and certain prescription medications.

Importation charges are usually brought when the prosecution alleges that a person knowingly arranged, facilitated, or took part in bringing controlled drugs into the country. The offence can apply whether the drugs were found in luggage, vehicles, cargo, or packages, and even if the person accused was acting as a courier or was unaware of the full contents of a delivery.

Why these cases are serious

Drug importation is treated as a high-level offence because it often involves organised criminal networks and significant quantities of drugs. Convictions frequently lead to lengthy prison sentences, especially for Class A drugs, and can also involve confiscation of assets under the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA).

However, not everyone accused of importation is part of organised crime. Many people are misled, pressured, or exploited into carrying items without understanding what they contain. Others are falsely implicated through mistaken identity, contaminated evidence, or association with the wrong people. Because these cases often involve international evidence, freight records, and surveillance material, they require expert analysis and careful defence preparation.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will ensure that every stage of the investigation is handled properly and that your side of the story is heard. They will:

• Find out exactly what evidence the authorities rely on — including border search records, forensic testing, and communication data.
• Attend your interview under caution, ensuring your rights are protected and that questioning remains within lawful limits.
• Examine whether customs or police officers followed correct procedures when stopping, searching, or detaining you.
• Review forensic evidence to confirm the type and quantity of drugs, and whether contamination or mishandling may have occurred.
• Explore whether you were tricked, coerced, or acting under duress, and gather evidence to support that account.
• Challenge any assumptions about knowledge or intent — key elements the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and, if convicted, present mitigation to reduce sentencing.

Drug importation cases are complex and often involve several agencies, including the Border Force, National Crime Agency (NCA), and overseas authorities. An experienced solicitor will coordinate your defence, ensure disclosure is properly managed, and protect you from procedural errors that could unfairly strengthen the prosecution’s case.

If you have any questions about drug importation allegations, customs investigations, or what to expect during interviews or court proceedings — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this type of case — please contact us using the links below.

EncroChat wasn’t a crime in itself — it was an encrypted mobile phone system originally designed for privacy and security. It became widely used by people who wanted to communicate securely, including some involved in organised crime. In 2020, law enforcement agencies in France and the Netherlands managed to infiltrate the network, capturing millions of messages that were then shared with UK police. Since then, thousands of people have been arrested and charged with serious offences because of EncroChat data.

Why EncroChat is a problem

The key issue is that EncroChat evidence is unusual and controversial. The messages were obtained through covert international operations, and many defence lawyers argue that the way the data was captured and shared breaks UK legal safeguards. The reliability and admissibility of EncroChat material have been challenged in several court cases, with arguments about whether the messages were “intercepted” in breach of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.

Despite these challenges, the courts have generally allowed EncroChat evidence to be used, leading to hundreds of ongoing prosecutions for serious offences. However, each case still depends heavily on how the data was gathered, stored, and interpreted — and whether the prosecution can prove beyond reasonable doubt who was actually using the device or sending the messages.

What kind of crimes are being investigated

EncroChat material has been used to investigate a wide range of serious offences, including:

• Large-scale drug supply (Class A and B)
• Money laundering and organised crime conspiracies
• Firearms offences
• Conspiracies to commit violence or kidnap
• Fraud and blackmail

Many investigations began years after the messages were captured, meaning people are now being arrested or charged based on data that dates back to 2019 or 2020. In some cases, the prosecution’s entire case rests on decoded chat logs and phone handles with no physical evidence linking the accused to the handset.

Why you need a solicitor — and what a good one will do

If you’ve been arrested, invited to interview, or charged in connection with EncroChat material, it’s vital that you have an experienced solicitor who understands how these cases work. EncroChat prosecutions are highly technical and rely on digital forensics, disclosure issues, and complex legal arguments about the admissibility of evidence.

A good solicitor will:

• Analyse the prosecution’s EncroChat evidence, including the data extraction reports, disclosure schedules, and device attribution reports.
• Challenge whether the messages can legally be used as evidence and whether the data was lawfully obtained.
• Examine whether there is independent evidence linking you to the device (for example, fingerprints, cell-site data, or witness accounts).
• Work with expert barristers and digital forensic specialists to interpret the material and expose any weaknesses or inconsistencies.
• Ensure that all reasonable lines of enquiry have been pursued, including evidence that may support your defence or undermine the prosecution’s case.
• Advise and represent you at each stage — from police interview to trial — explaining the process clearly and making sure you are treated fairly.

EncroChat cases are complex, technical, and often misunderstood. Having the right legal team from the start can make the difference between conviction and acquittal.

If you have any questions about EncroChat investigations, or if you need help identifying a solicitor who understands these cases, please contact us using the links below.

Addressing False Allegations Being accused of something you didn’t do can turn your world upside down. Even if you’re later cleared, the stress, uncertainty, and damage to your reputation can linger long after the legal process ends. It’s an incredibly isolating experience — but you are not alone, and there are practical steps you can take to protect yourself, rebuild trust, and move forward. Understanding the Process When a false allegation is made, the police have a legal duty to investigate. That can mean arrest, interview, and potentially even charges, even when the evidence seems weak. It can be frightening and frustrating, especially if you know you’ve done nothing wrong. Throughout this stage, it’s crucial to: Get proper legal advice early — ideally from a solicitor experienced in these kinds of cases Keep a clear, accurate timeline of events, messages, and evidence Avoid direct contact with the complainant, as this can complicate matters False allegations cases can drag on for months, sometimes years, and the uncertainty is often the hardest part. Knowing your rights and working closely with your legal team can help you navigate the process more confidently. What Happens if You’re NFA’d or Acquitted An NFA (No Further Action) decision or an acquittal at trial should bring closure, but many find that life doesn’t simply return to “normal.” People may still have doubts. Rumours may linger. Employers, schools, or community groups may still need reassurance. This can be painful, but there are steps you can take: Ask the police for written confirmation of the NFA or acquittal — this can help with employment or housing issues Consider requesting your custody records or full case file to keep for future reference Focus on rebuilding your personal and professional reputation gradually, starting with people you trust Reporting a False Allegation It’s natural to want justice if you’ve been wrongly accused, but it’s important to understand that prosecutions for making false allegations are rare. The CPS is cautious about pursuing these cases because of concerns about discouraging genuine victims from coming forward. To succeed, there usually needs to be clear evidence that the allegation was knowingly false — not just mistaken, exaggerated, or unsupported. If you want to explore this route, speak to your solicitor first. They can advise on the chances of success and whether a formal complaint to the police or the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) might be appropriate. Rebuilding Trust and Moving Forward Whether or not the system gives you the outcome you hoped for, the work of rebuilding often falls on you and those closest to you. That might mean repairing relationships, focusing on your mental health, and connecting with people who understand what you’ve been through. Trusted friends, family, and peer-support spaces — like those linked through the CJS Hub — can be invaluable here. Rebuilding takes time, but it is possible. False allegations can feel devastating, but they don’t have to define the rest of your life. By understanding the process, seeking the right support, and taking steps to restore your confidence and reputation, you can start moving forward again. If you need help navigating your next steps, the CJS Hub is here with resources, guides, and connections to specialist services.

Every criminal case in England and Wales starts at a Magistrates’ Court. Even the most serious offences begin there — though not all will stay there.

• Summary Offences (like minor assaults or motoring offences) are dealt with entirely here.
• Either-way Offences (such as theft or assault causing actual bodily harm) can go to a Crown Court. Magistrates will hold a Plea Before Venue hearing to decide where the case should be heard, unless the defence asks for a jury trial in Crown Court.
• Indictable Only Offences (e.g. murder or serious sexual offences) automatically go to Crown Court — magistrates handle preliminary checks, like bail decisions, before transferring the case.

At your first hearing, the process is typically:

1. The court clerk will ask for your name and address to confirm your identity.
2. Magistrates will read out the charges. You’ll be asked to plead guilty or not guilty — if you’re ready. Otherwise, the plea can be adjourned.

Plea, Venue & Next Steps

• For guilty pleas to summary offences, the court may sentence you immediately — or delay if more information (like a pre-sentence report) is needed.
• For not guilty pleas, the court sets a trial date.
• At the Plea Before Venue hearing for either-way offences, the Crown Prosecution Service and your defence solicitor each make their case about whether the Magistrates’ Court or Crown Court should handle your case.
• Indictable only offences always go to Crown Court, and the Magistrates’ Court handles bail or remand while transferring your case.

Venue Explained

Understanding where your case proceeds is crucial — especially because long delays and remand pressures are an ongoing crisis in the justice system. In particularly overloaded areas, some bail defendants wait years before trial, with severe consequences.

Bail Applications — What You Need to Know

Every time you appear in court, bail is revisited:

• If you’re eligible, unconditional or conditional bail may be granted — open or with restrictions to ensure you:
  • Return to court
  • Don’t re-offend or tamper with evidence
  • Remain available for proceedings or inquiries
• Under the Bail Act 1976 and PACE 1984, bail is presumed unless there’s a risk. However, there are serious offences (like certain sexual crimes) with a strong presumption against bail.
• If bail is refused, the court must explain why.
• If you’re refused bail, legal advice is even more important — and in some cases, you may have the right to appeal that decision.

Due to resource constraints, courts have had to delay bail hearings, keeping some people in police custody longer than they should — this situation continues to put pressure on everyone involved.

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How to Prepare for Your First Court Hearing

1. Bring ID and any papers about your charges.
2. Ask your legal representative what type of offences you’re charged with and where your case is likely to be heard.
3. Be clear on whether your case is summary, either-way, or indictable only — it affects your plea, venue, and timing.
4. Discuss bail conditions with your solicitor and whether you’re likely to be released or remanded.
5. If supporting someone, organise practical things like transport, childcare, and paperwork well ahead.

Assault is a broad term that covers a range of violent offences, from minor scuffles to incidents causing serious injury. At its lowest level, it can involve threats or minor physical contact, while at its highest, it includes causing significant harm to another person. Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) is one of the most serious forms of assault and refers to causing really serious injury, whether deliberately (known as with intent, under section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861) or recklessly (under section 20). Both are serious criminal offences, and GBH with intent carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Being accused of assault or GBH is a serious matter that can have life-changing consequences. These offences often carry prison sentences, so it’s vital that you have an experienced Criminal Defence Solicitor fighting your corner from the very start. A good solicitor will know exactly how the police work, the tactics they use, and how to protect your rights every step of the way.

The right solicitor will:

• Find out what suspicions the police have about your alleged involvement and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
• Check your custody record and speak with the Custody Sergeant to make sure proper procedures have been followed.
• Attend your interview under caution, giving you clear legal advice and ensuring the interviewer stays within their legal powers and the required Codes of Practice.
• Challenge any unnecessary or disproportionate bail conditions if the police are considering pre-charge bail.
• If you are charged, analyse the prosecution evidence in full, assess its strengths and weaknesses, take detailed instructions from you, and obtain witness statements or expert evidence about the complainant’s injuries where relevant.
• Work with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, represent you in court, and guide you on whether to plead guilty or not guilty. They can also make or renew bail applications where appropriate.
• If convicted, make submissions to reduce the severity of your sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

In many assault or GBH cases, the evidence can be limited to one person’s word against another. It’s common for the police to focus heavily on the complainant’s version of events, which can lead to innocent people being caught up in situations such as bar fights or street altercations that got out of hand. Having the right solicitor ensures your side of the story is properly heard and that all relevant evidence is investigated, not just what suits the prosecution’s narrative.

If you’re facing an investigation or charge for assault or GBH and need help finding a reliable solicitor, get in touch using the links below—we’ll help you find the right legal support for your situation.

Planning Your Next Steps

When an investigation ends or a trial is over, it can feel like you should instantly “get back to normal” — but for most people, life after the criminal justice system isn’t that straightforward. The process may be finished, but the emotional, financial, and practical effects often linger.

Planning your next steps is about taking back control. Whether you’ve received an NFA, been acquitted, or are supporting someone else through this stage, it’s about setting realistic goals, rebuilding stability, and creating a path forward at your own pace.

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Give Yourself Time to Breathe

After months — or sometimes years — of uncertainty, it’s normal to feel lost when the process ends. You may have been living in constant survival mode, focused on getting through each day. Now, the sudden “quiet” can feel unsettling.

Take time to rest and reflect. It’s okay if you don’t have all the answers right away. Recovery isn’t a race, and giving yourself space to process what’s happened is a key part of moving forward.

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Getting Practical Foundations in Place

Once you feel ready, focus on rebuilding the essentials:

• Finances — If your income was affected, you may be able to access debt advice, benefits support, or financial planning tools to stabilise your situation.
• Housing — Whether you’ve kept your home or need new accommodation, there are local authorities and charities that can help with housing advice.
• Employment — If your job was impacted, start by understanding your rights. Some people return to previous roles, while others explore new careers or training to make a fresh start.

These steps don’t need to happen all at once. Breaking them into manageable goals can make the process less overwhelming.

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Rebuilding Your Wellbeing

The aftermath of legal challenges can leave lasting emotional strain, whether you’ve been accused, investigated, or simply supporting someone through it. Prioritising your mental and physical health is essential.

• Talk to trusted friends, family, or peer-support groups about what you’ve been through
• Explore counselling or therapy to process the stress and anxiety
• Look after your physical wellbeing with sleep, exercise, and balanced nutrition — even small steps make a difference

The CJS Hub’s Wellbeing Hub offers resources and links to services that can help you look after yourself while rebuilding.

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Setting New Goals and Finding Purpose

Moving forward often means rediscovering what matters most to you. That might be rebuilding relationships, pursuing education or work, volunteering, or reconnecting with hobbies and passions.

For some, this process brings a renewed sense of strength and clarity about what’s important in life. Others take smaller, steady steps toward regaining stability — both approaches are valid.

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You’re Not On Your Own

The criminal justice system can leave deep marks, but you don’t have to navigate the next chapter alone. The CJS Hub is here to connect you with guides, resources, and services to help you understand your options and regain confidence about the future.

Whether it’s practical advice or emotional support, there are ways forward — one step at a time.

Historic sexual offences are allegations made about events that are said to have happened many years, or even decades, in the past. These cases can relate to any alleged sexual offence — including rape, indecent assault, or sexual activity with a minor — but are investigated and prosecuted under the law that existed at the time of the alleged incident.

The passage of time creates real difficulties in historic cases. Memories fade, witnesses move on or pass away, and physical or digital evidence often no longer exists. Despite this, police forces across the UK now actively investigate non-recent allegations, sometimes going back to the 1970s or earlier. Anyone accused of such offences can find themselves suddenly facing arrest, public exposure, and the collapse of their reputation based purely on recollection rather than current evidence.

Why these cases are so challenging

Unlike most criminal investigations, historic sexual offence cases usually depend almost entirely on testimony — often from one complainant with no supporting forensic or physical evidence. Because of this, it’s vital that any investigation is handled fairly and that all reasonable lines of enquiry are pursued, not just those that support the allegation. That includes looking into inconsistencies, opportunities for collusion, missing records, and the accused person’s life at the time.

It’s common for those accused to be shocked at how far the police can go on little more than an allegation. These cases can take years to investigate and bring deep emotional and practical strain, not only for the person accused but also for their family.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor with experience in historic sexual offence cases will know how to handle the complexity and sensitivity involved. They will:

• Establish exactly what period and conduct the allegations cover, and what evidence (if any) exists from that time.
• Check whether the alleged offences fall under old or current legislation and what implications that has for the case.
• Review all disclosure and identify gaps in the police investigation — for example, missing school, employment, or medical records that could assist your defence.
• Investigate potential motives for false or mistaken allegations, such as family disputes, compensation claims, or recovered-memory therapy.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case, including obtaining witness statements, expert testimony, and any available supporting documents.
• If charged, ensure that the prosecution evidence is properly tested and that juries understand the problems that long delays create for fairness and reliability.
• If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeal routes.

Historic allegations can be among the most difficult and distressing cases to go through. A solicitor who understands the emotional and evidential challenges will not only focus on the legal defence but also help you and your family cope with the process and avoid common pitfalls.

If you have any questions about historic sexual offence allegations, police investigations, or what to do if contacted about a non-recent complaint — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this type of case — please contact us using the links below.

Why Preparation Matters

Facing trial is daunting. It can feel like your whole life is on hold while everyone else decides what happens next. While your legal team handles the paperwork, evidence, and arguments, there’s still plenty you can do to stay informed, organised, and ready.

Preparation isn’t about replacing your solicitor — it’s about making sure you understand what’s happening, know what’s coming next, and can support your defence in the best way possible.

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Understanding What’s Ahead

Your trial will follow a structure, and knowing the basics helps reduce some of the fear:

• The prosecution will present their case first.
• Your defence team will challenge their evidence and present yours.
• Witnesses may be called and cross-examined.
• The magistrates or jury will decide if you’re guilty or not guilty.

Your solicitor or barrister will explain the details relevant to your case, but having a rough idea of the process can make things less overwhelming.

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What You Can Do to Prepare

1. Stay Organised

• Keep every document you receive — charge sheets, bail conditions, letters from your solicitor or the court.
• Use a simple folder or binder and keep copies of everything in order.
• Make a note of important dates, deadlines, and hearing times.

Even small slips — like missing a court date — can cause serious problems, so staying organised really helps.

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2. Be Honest and Thorough with Your Legal Team

Your solicitor can only build a strong defence if they know everything. Even if something feels embarrassing, irrelevant, or damaging, tell them. Surprises in court rarely go well, and your team can’t defend what they don’t know about.

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3. Think About Witnesses and Evidence

You don’t have to collect statements or prepare bundles — your legal team will handle that — but you can:

• Make a list of anyone who was there, saw, or heard something relevant.
• Pass on names, phone numbers, and what they might know to your solicitor.
• Flag any texts, emails, or social media messages you think matter. Don’t delete anything.

Your job isn’t to analyse evidence; it’s to make sure your solicitor has all the information they need.

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4. Prepare Yourself Mentally

Trials can be draining. The process is slow, the days are long, and you’ll likely hear things said about you that are upsetting or unfair.

• Get plenty of rest beforehand if you can.
• Bring water and snacks if allowed — trials can run all day.
• Have someone you trust to talk to afterwards — family, friends, or a support group.
• Consider accessing mental health support; the stress of waiting can take a real toll.

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5. Support Your Family and Let Them Support You

If you have children, a partner, or family relying on you, talk to them early about what’s coming. Trials affect everyone — not just the defendant — and having a plan for childcare, bills, and emotional support can make a big difference.

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Common Worries — And What to Do About Them

“I feel like I’m not getting updates.”
It’s okay to check in with your solicitor and ask for a clear breakdown of where things stand.

“I don’t understand what’s happening in court.”
Ask your legal team to explain things in plain English. They’re used to jargon — you’re not.

“I’m worried about what to say if I’m called to give evidence.”
Your solicitor or barrister will explain exactly what’s expected and prepare you before you step into the witness box.

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Quick Checklist for Defendants

• Keep all paperwork safe and organised.
• Share every detail and document with your solicitor.
• Write down witness names and pass them on — don’t contact witnesses yourself.
• Note down all court dates and deadlines.
• Prepare emotionally — trials can be long and stressful.
• Talk openly with family and supporters.
• Ask questions until you understand what’s happening.

Understanding Your Charges

How Charges Are Issued

When the police or prosecutors decide there’s enough evidence, a formal charge can be issued in one of three ways:

1. Custody Charge
   If the police have you in custody, a Custody Officer decides whether there’s enough evidence to press charges. If so, you’ll be charged and either released—possibly on police bail or “Released Under Investigation (RUI)”—or kept in custody until your court appearance. Detention must be reviewed regularly and can last up to 96 hours in most cases.
2. Postal Requisition (Postal Charge)
   If you’re not arrested, a Postal Requisition (also called a postal charge) may be sent—especially if you were interviewed under caution or released under investigation. It’s a legal document telling you to appear at a Magistrates’ Court on a specified date. Never ignore one—failing to attend can lead to an arrest warrant.
3. Court Charge—Typically via Solicitor or CPS
   In some cases, particularly more serious ones, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) steps in. Prosecutors apply a full test: (1) is there a realistic prospect of conviction, and (2) is prosecution in the public interest? If not, they may decline to charge or offer an alternative, like a caution.

Once the decision to charge is made, the CPS or police sets your first court date—within days or weeks, depending on how serious the case is and whether you’re in custody or on bail.

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Reading the Charge Sheet

A charge sheet is the document that officially records what you’re being accused of. It should clearly state:

• The offence(s) you’re charged with,
• Where and when the alleged offence happened,
• What laws you’re accused of breaking.

This is your first real window into what you’re facing.

Take it seriously—get legal advice, check the details, and clarify anything you don’t understand.

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What Happens Next—and Who You’ll See First

All criminal cases in England and Wales start in the Magistrates’ Court, even if they eventually go to Crown Court. If it’s a minor offence, the trial may stay here. If it’s more serious—or deemed too complex—the Magistrates will send it up to Crown Court.
Wikipedia

At your first hearing, called a Plea and Trial Preparation Hearing (PTPH), the court clerk will read your charges out loud (called an “indictment”) and ask whether you plead guilty or not guilty.
cps.gov.uk

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What You Can Do Next

• Understand the type of charge—custody, postal, or court-based—and whether it means you’re already in custody or not.
• Read the charge sheet carefully. It defines the case.
• Know where your case starts—most will begin in Magistrates’ Court.
• Seek legal help early. It makes a real difference to how your case is handled.
• Don’t ignore any notifications—especially postal charges.

Understanding When People Are Released

One of the hardest parts of going through the criminal justice system — whether you’re serving time or supporting someone inside — is trying to understand when release might actually happen. There isn’t one simple answer, because different types of sentence have very different rules about when someone can leave custody. Knowing how the system works helps you plan, manage expectations, and focus on what you can control along the way.

Fixed-Term (Determinate) Sentences

Most people in prison are serving what’s called a determinate sentence. That simply means the court sets a fixed length, and your release date is calculated from that.

For determinate sentences under four years, the usual rule is that you serve half of the sentence in custody and the rest on licence in the community, under probation supervision. If you’re given four years, for example, you’ll normally spend around two inside, then be released automatically at the halfway point. You don’t need to apply — it’s automatic unless something unusual happens, like being recalled or facing new charges.

For sentences over four years, the process can be slightly different depending on the offence and the level of risk assessed by probation. Some prisoners are still released automatically at the halfway stage, but others may have to wait until they’ve served two-thirds before automatic release kicks in. In certain cases — especially for more serious offences — release at two-thirds is no longer automatic and instead depends on a review by the Parole Board.

Extended Determinate Sentences (EDS)

If someone has been deemed a higher risk to the public, they might be given an Extended Determinate Sentence. These combine a custodial period with an extended period of licence once released. The big difference here is that release is not automatic at halfway — you usually have to serve two-thirds of the custodial part before you’re even eligible to apply for release, and it’s the Parole Board that decides whether you can leave at that point. If they say no, you’ll stay inside until the end of the custodial term before moving onto licence.

Life Sentences

Life doesn’t always mean life — but it does mean the sentence lasts for the rest of the person’s life. When a court hands down a life sentence, it also sets a minimum term (sometimes called the “tariff”), which is the amount of time that must be served before the person can even be considered for release.

Once that minimum term has been served, the case goes to the Parole Board, who look at things like behaviour in custody, completed courses, risk assessments, and any evidence of rehabilitation. There’s no guarantee of release at the tariff point — some people spend many more years inside if the board isn’t satisfied that the risk can be managed in the community. Even after release, people on life sentences remain on licence for the rest of their lives and can be recalled at any time.

IPP Sentences (Imprisonment for Public Protection)

Although IPP sentences were scrapped in 2012, thousands of people are still serving them today. They’re one of the most complex and controversial parts of the system. With an IPP, the judge sets a minimum tariff, but after that, there’s no automatic release.

People on IPP stay in custody until the Parole Board is convinced that the risk can be safely managed in the community. Many people serve far beyond their tariffs, and even after release, the licence period lasts at least ten years before it can be considered for termination. If you or someone you’re supporting is serving an IPP, seeking specialist advice and gathering strong evidence of rehabilitation can make a huge difference.

Home Detention Curfew (HDC) and Early Release

For some people serving determinate sentences of between 12 weeks and four years, there’s a possibility of being released earlier than the halfway point under the Home Detention Curfew (HDC) scheme — often called “tagging.”

Eligibility depends on the sentence length, behaviour in custody, and whether there’s a safe address to go to. If approved, you could leave prison up to 135 days early, but you’ll have strict curfew conditions and electronic monitoring. Not everyone qualifies — violent, sexual, and high-risk cases are often excluded — but it’s worth applying if you meet the criteria.

Preparing for Release

Across all sentence types, your behaviour, engagement with rehabilitation, and willingness to prepare for life outside can affect release decisions — especially where the Parole Board is involved. Completing accredited courses, keeping out of trouble, working or studying inside, and showing progress in managing risk can all strengthen your position when the time comes.

If you’re supporting someone inside, helping them stay on top of sentence planning, encouraging engagement with probation, and being part of their resettlement plans can make a real difference.

Being caught up in the criminal justice system — whether accused yourself or supporting someone who is — brings a whirlwind of emotions. Two of the hardest to manage are shame and anger. Both are completely normal, but if they’re left unaddressed, they can damage your relationships, affect decision-making, and make an already difficult situation feel unbearable.

Understanding where these feelings come from, and learning how to manage them, can make an enormous difference — for your own wellbeing and for those around you.

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Why Shame Feels So Heavy

Shame often creeps in quietly. It can come from feeling judged, fearing what others think, or simply being involved in a process you never imagined yourself in. For some, it’s about the allegation itself; for others, it’s about the stigma of being linked to the system at all.

For families and loved ones, shame can come from outside pressure — whispers, rumours, or people stepping back when they find out what’s happening. You might feel embarrassed, defensive, or guilty even though you’ve done nothing wrong.

Shame thrives in silence. Talking openly, especially in safe, understanding spaces, can reduce its power and help you reconnect with your own sense of worth.

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Understanding Where Anger Comes From

Anger is another natural response to an unfair or stressful situation. You might feel furious with the police, frustrated by delays, or hurt by people you thought would stand by you. Families, too, often carry anger — at how their loved one is treated, at friends who disappear, or at the system as a whole.

The danger comes when anger builds without an outlet. Left unmanaged, it can strain relationships, cloud decisions, and even put you at risk of making situations worse.

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Strategies for Managing Shame & Anger

Here are a few practical approaches for both the accused and supporters:

• Talk about it in safe spaces – Whether it’s with a counsellor, a peer-support group, or a trusted friend, sharing your feelings breaks the hold that shame and anger have when bottled up.
• Create small, stable routines – Having structure in your day brings calm and helps reduce emotional overwhelm.
• Notice triggers – Recognise what sparks your strongest reactions. Is it social media? A news update? A family conversation? Spotting patterns lets you choose how and when to engage.
• Pause before reacting – When anger flares, step back. Deep breathing, a walk, or even removing yourself from the situation can stop arguments from escalating.
• Seek support if it’s overwhelming – If shame or anger is affecting your mental health, relationships, or daily life, it’s worth getting professional help. That might mean speaking to your GP, using talking therapies, or accessing helplines for confidential advice.

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Supporting Each Other as a Family

Families can feel trapped between wanting to stay strong and not knowing how to cope themselves. Communication matters — talk openly, share feelings where possible, and acknowledge that everyone involved is under pressure in different ways.

Support groups designed for families navigating the CJS can also be invaluable. Hearing “me too” from people who understand can ease shame and help manage anger more constructively.

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Building Emotional Resilience

Shame and anger are powerful emotions, but they don’t have to control you. By taking small, steady steps to manage them, you can protect your mental health, preserve relationships, and focus on moving forward — one day at a time.

The CJS Hub is here to connect you with guides, resources, and peer support spaces for both the accused and their loved ones. You don’t have to figure this out alone.

Physical and Mental Health

Going through the criminal justice system takes a toll on both your body and your mind. Whether you’re facing an investigation, living under strict bail conditions, serving a sentence, or supporting someone who is, the pressure and uncertainty can have serious effects on your overall wellbeing.

Taking care of yourself physically and mentally doesn’t solve the situation — but it does give you the strength to deal with it. Even small, steady actions can help you stay grounded while everything else feels unstable.

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Looking After Your Physical Health

Physical wellbeing often slips when you’re stressed or going through upheaval, but your body needs fuel and care to keep you steady:

• Eat as well as possible – Choices may be limited, especially in custody, but small adjustments — like avoiding excess sugar where you can — can help with energy and focus.
• Stay active – In prison, make the most of exercise yards, gyms, or in-cell routines. Outside, regular walks or simple workouts can reduce stress and improve mood.
• Rest matters – Sleep can be hard when anxiety is high, but keeping to a basic routine — lights out at a similar time each night, avoiding caffeine late in the day — can make a difference.
• Avoid numbing through substances – Alcohol and drugs might feel like an escape but often make anxiety, depression, and anger harder to manage in the long run.

For families supporting someone, physical health is just as vital. It’s easy to skip meals or lose sleep when you’re worried, but keeping yourself strong means you can better support others.

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Protecting Your Mental Health

Being accused, waiting for answers, or adapting to life inside or after prison is mentally exhausting. Anxiety, depression, shame, and anger are common responses — not signs of weakness. What matters is finding ways to manage them:

• Talk openly where you can – Whether with trusted friends, family, peer groups, or a counsellor, speaking about what’s happening can ease the load.
• Set small, realistic goals – When the bigger picture feels overwhelming, focus on what you can control today — even one small thing ticked off matters.
• Limit negative spirals – Social media, sensational news stories, or constant case discussions can fuel anxiety. Sometimes, giving yourself space to breathe helps.
• Reach for professional help if needed – GPs, talking therapies, helplines, and in-prison mental health teams exist for exactly these moments. Reaching out is a strength, not a failure.

For those supporting someone, the emotional strain can be just as heavy. It’s normal to feel frustrated, exhausted, and overlooked, but your mental health matters too. Making time for your own wellbeing isn’t selfish — it’s necessary.

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Balancing Body and Mind

Physical and mental health are connected. Poor sleep affects mood, stress affects energy, and low activity can worsen anxiety. You don’t need big changes — just small, consistent steps can make a real difference.

Even simple things like keeping a daily routine, staying hydrated, moving when possible, and talking openly when things get tough all add up.

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Where to Find Support

You’re not on your own in this. The CJS Hub connects you with:

• Guides to maintaining wellbeing while navigating the CJS
• Links to trusted helplines and organisations for specialist support
• Resources for families, partners, and loved ones

Whether you’re inside, on licence, under investigation, or supporting someone who is, taking care of yourself gives you strength to keep going.

Being acquitted or receiving a No Further Action (NFA) decision should feel like the end of the nightmare — the moment when everything returns to normal. But for many, that’s not how it feels. Instead of instant relief, there can be exhaustion, anxiety, anger, and a deep sense of loss for the time, trust, and relationships damaged along the way.

This stage is rarely talked about, yet it’s one of the hardest to navigate. The legal process ends, but the emotional fallout often doesn’t. Understanding what’s normal, and where to find support, can make a huge difference.

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Why Relief Isn’t Always Immediate

Spending months — sometimes years — under investigation or facing trial takes a toll on your mental health. By the time you’re cleared, your body and mind are often burned out. You’ve likely been living in survival mode, constantly bracing for the worst. When the case finally ends, it’s common to feel numb rather than overjoyed.

That’s because while the system has moved on, you’re still processing the damage — sleepless nights, reputational harm, strained relationships, and the disruption to work, finances, and family life. None of that disappears overnight, and it’s okay to feel frustrated that “getting cleared” doesn’t magically fix everything.

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Common Feelings After Acquittal or NFA

Everyone reacts differently, but there are some emotional themes we hear time and again:

• Exhaustion and burnout — months of adrenaline finally catch up with you
• Anxiety about the future — worrying if people still believe the allegation
• Anger and resentment — at the police, the accuser, or the system itself
• Isolation — friends or family may have stepped back during the process
• Loss of identity — especially if your job, hobbies, or relationships were affected

These reactions are natural. They don’t mean you’re “not coping” — they’re part of adjusting to life after prolonged stress and uncertainty.

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Rebuilding Your Confidence

When your name has been tied to an allegation, even unfairly, it can affect how you see yourself. Rebuilding confidence takes time, and small steps are important. Some people start by reconnecting with trusted friends and family; others find value in speaking with peer support groups, charities, or counsellors who understand the emotional impact of being accused.

If your case was highly public or affected your job, you may also need practical help managing stigma. Learning how to disclose what happened — and when to stay silent — can make a huge difference to how you move forward.

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Looking After Your Mental Health

The end of the case isn’t the end of the journey. Some people experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, or even PTSD after their legal process ends. If you notice flashbacks, panic attacks, or prolonged low mood, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to handle it without help.

You can:

• Ask your GP for a referral to talking therapies or counselling
• Access local NHS mental health teams
• Reach out to organisations like Mind, Samaritans, or the CJS Hub’s Wellbeing Hub for support
• Consider peer support spaces where you can talk to others who’ve been through the same thing

Asking for help isn’t weakness — it’s part of taking control of your recovery.

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For Families and Supporters

The emotional aftermath affects loved ones too. Parents, partners, and friends often carry their own stress, guilt, and anger after standing by someone accused of a crime. Communication matters here: being open about what you’re struggling with, while respecting each other’s coping styles, helps avoid misunderstandings that can deepen divides.

Supporters may also need their own spaces to talk — whether that’s peer groups, counselling, or connecting with others who’ve walked the same path.

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Final Thoughts

An acquittal or NFA may close the legal chapter, but it doesn’t close the emotional one overnight. You’ve been through something extraordinary, and healing takes time. Surrounding yourself with the right people, seeking out support when you need it, and accepting that recovery is a process — not a switch — can help you start rebuilding.

The CJS Hub is here to offer guidance, resources, and understanding — for you and for those around you.

Human trafficking is the illegal movement, recruitment, or harbouring of people for the purpose of exploitation. It doesn’t always involve crossing borders — trafficking can happen entirely within the UK. Under the Modern Slavery Act 2015, it is an offence to arrange or facilitate the travel of another person with a view to exploiting them, whether through forced labour, sexual exploitation, criminal activity, domestic servitude, or organ harvesting.

The law treats human trafficking very seriously because it often involves vulnerable people being controlled, threatened, or deceived. However, these cases can be extremely complex. Sometimes people accused of trafficking are themselves victims of exploitation, or have been unfairly blamed for actions they did not control or even understand. Others are wrongly accused because of cultural misunderstandings, family arrangements, or association with someone under investigation.

Why these cases are so complicated

Human trafficking cases often involve several countries, agencies, and languages. The evidence can include surveillance, phone and travel records, witness statements, and intelligence material from international law enforcement. Allegations are sometimes linked to broader investigations into organised crime, which can make it harder to separate truth from assumption.

There are also many situations where exploitation is alleged but consent and circumstance are disputed — for example, where people were working illegally or living together voluntarily. Because the term “trafficking” is broad, it’s vital to understand exactly what the prosecution says happened and whether it truly meets the legal definition.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure your rights are protected, that the investigation is fair, and that any vulnerabilities or misunderstandings are fully explored. They will:

• Find out the exact basis of the allegation and the evidence being relied upon by police or immigration authorities.
• Attend and advise you at interview, ensuring questioning stays within lawful limits and that you have the chance to properly explain your situation.
• Review all disclosure, including surveillance logs, mobile data, and travel or financial records, and check for material that supports your account.
• Explore whether you may actually be a victim rather than a perpetrator under the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and advise on how that status could affect the case.
• Instruct expert interpreters, cultural advisers, or trafficking specialists where needed to explain background context or misunderstandings.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case and challenge the prosecution’s evidence in court.
• If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on potential appeal routes.

Human trafficking investigations can be lengthy, stressful, and confusing. Having the right solicitor ensures you have someone who understands the law, the procedures, and the human impact, and who will fight to make sure the case is dealt with fairly.

If you have any questions about human trafficking or modern slavery allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Indecent Images

Possessing or sharing indecent images of children is a serious criminal offence under the Protection of Children Act 1978 and the Criminal Justice Act 1988. The law defines an “indecent image” as any image, whether photo, video, or computer-generated, that is considered indecent and shows a person under the age of 18. The offence covers possession, making (which includes downloading or saving), distribution, and production of such material.

The term “making” often causes confusion. In law, you can be charged with making indecent images simply by viewing or opening them online, because a temporary copy may be created on your device. That means someone can face prosecution even if they never deliberately saved or shared the material. The images are usually graded by seriousness into three categories (A, B and C), which can affect sentencing.

Why these cases are so difficult

Indecent image investigations are complex and can have devastating personal consequences. People accused often face immediate arrest, device seizure, suspension from work, and social stigma long before any charges are made. In many cases, the accused may have no idea why they are being investigated, or may be the victim of mistaken identity, malware, file-sharing software, or unauthorised access to their devices.

The investigation process can take many months while the police examine computers, phones, tablets, and cloud backups. During this time, it’s vital to have an experienced solicitor who understands both the law and the technical aspects of digital forensics.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will ensure that your case is handled fairly, that your rights are protected, and that evidence is examined in context rather than simply accepted at face value. They will:

• Find out exactly what the police suspect and what devices or accounts are being examined.
• Make sure proper procedures are followed when devices are seized and analysed, including maintaining a clear chain of evidence.
• Obtain full disclosure of the digital forensic reports and identify whether material truly amounts to indecent images in law.
• Explore whether the alleged material could have been automatically downloaded, cached, or created without your knowledge.
• Instruct independent forensic experts where necessary to re-examine the data and provide an alternative professional opinion.
• Advise and represent you during interviews, bail hearings, or any court appearances, ensuring that the prosecution is held to strict proof.
• If charged, prepare your defence with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel and help you understand the possible outcomes and sentencing guidelines.

Because of the sensitivity of these allegations, the right solicitor will also handle matters discreetly and professionally, minimising publicity and helping you and your family navigate what can be an extremely distressing process.

If you have any questions about indecent image allegations, how digital investigations work, or what happens after your devices are seized — or if you need help identifying a solicitor with experience in this area — please contact us using the links below.

Why Legal Representation Matters

Being arrested, questioned, or charged can feel overwhelming, and the choices you make early on can have lasting consequences. Having the right legal representation ensures your rights are protected and that you receive the strongest advice at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will guide you through what’s happening, explain your options clearly, and make sure the police and prosecution follow proper procedure. Without specialist advice, people often make avoidable mistakes — especially in interviews or when making key decisions.

Free Legal Advice at the Police Station

Everyone in England and Wales has the right to free legal advice at the police station. This applies whether you’ve been arrested or are attending voluntarily. You should always ask for a solicitor before answering questions.

If you haven’t arranged your own, the police will provide access to a duty solicitor at no cost. They are independent of the police and there to protect your rights. However, duty solicitors often cover several clients at once and may only become involved just before your interview.

For many people, arranging your own solicitor provides more continuity, personal attention, and the chance to work with someone who already knows your case from the outset.

After Being Charged

If you’re charged with an offence, you’ll usually have access to means‑tested legal aid. This applies whether your case goes to the Magistrates’ Court or the Crown Court.

Even if you qualify for legal aid, you are not limited to the solicitor provided by the duty rota — you can choose your own representation. Some people still choose to fund representation privately at this stage because it can provide additional flexibility, resources, and faster access to senior lawyers or barristers.

Benefits of Private Representation

Private legal representation isn’t necessary for everyone, but it can offer several advantages, particularly in complex or serious cases:

• Time and Focus – Privately funded solicitors often manage smaller caseloads, meaning more time is available to focus on your case.
• Choice of Representation – You can choose a solicitor or firm with proven expertise in cases like yours rather than relying on whoever is available on the day.
• Continuity – You’re more likely to have the same solicitor involved throughout the process, from initial advice to trial preparation.
• Access to Expertise – Private funding gives greater flexibility to instruct highly experienced barristers, independent experts, and investigators where needed.
• Responsive Support – Without the constraints of legal aid budgets, private solicitors can often act more quickly when new developments arise.

Choosing the Right Solicitor

Selecting the right solicitor is one of the most important decisions you’ll make. When deciding who to instruct, consider:

• Specialism – Do they focus on criminal defence work?
• Experience – Have they handled cases similar to yours?
• Reputation – Are they known for being thorough, proactive, and approachable?
• Resources – Do they have access to skilled barristers, experts, and investigators if your case needs them?

At The CJS Hub, we work alongside reputable firms who understand the complexities of the criminal justice system and provide high‑quality representation when it matters most.

Key Takeaways

• Always ask for a solicitor as soon as possible — ideally before answering any police questions.
• Free legal advice is available to everyone at the police station, regardless of your financial situation.
• After being charged, legal aid may be available, but you can still choose your own solicitor.
• Private representation can offer added focus, faster response times, and more flexibility — particularly useful for complex or high‑stakes cases.
• Choosing a solicitor with the right experience and resources can make a significant difference to how your case is handled.

Being arrested, questioned, or charged can feel overwhelming, and the choices you make early on can have lasting consequences. Having the right legal representation ensures your rights are protected and that you receive the strongest advice at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will guide you through what’s happening, explain your options clearly, and make sure the police and prosecution follow proper procedure. Without specialist advice, people often make avoidable mistakes — especially in interviews or when making key decisions.

Free Legal Advice at the Police Station

Everyone in England and Wales has the right to free legal advice at the police station. This applies whether you’ve been arrested or are attending voluntarily. You should always ask for a solicitor before answering questions.

If you haven’t arranged your own, the police will provide access to a duty solicitor at no cost. They are independent of the police and there to protect your rights. However, duty solicitors often cover several clients at once and may only become involved just before your interview.

For many people, arranging your own solicitor provides more continuity, personal attention, and the chance to work with someone who already knows your case from the outset.

After Being Charged

If you’re charged with an offence, you’ll usually have access to means‑tested legal aid. This applies whether your case goes to the Magistrates’ Court or the Crown Court.

Even if you qualify for legal aid, you are not limited to the solicitor provided by the duty rota — you can choose your own representation. Some people still choose to fund representation privately at this stage because it can provide additional flexibility, resources, and faster access to senior lawyers or barristers.

Benefits of Private Representation

Private legal representation isn’t necessary for everyone, but it can offer several advantages, particularly in complex or serious cases:

• Time and Focus – Privately funded solicitors often manage smaller caseloads, meaning more time is available to focus on your case.
• Choice of Representation – You can choose a solicitor or firm with proven expertise in cases like yours rather than relying on whoever is available on the day.
• Continuity – You’re more likely to have the same solicitor involved throughout the process, from initial advice to trial preparation.
• Access to Expertise – Private funding gives greater flexibility to instruct highly experienced barristers, independent experts, and investigators where needed.
• Responsive Support – Without the constraints of legal aid budgets, private solicitors can often act more quickly when new developments arise.

Choosing the Right Solicitor

Selecting the right solicitor is one of the most important decisions you’ll make. When deciding who to instruct, consider:

• Specialism – Do they focus on criminal defence work?
• Experience – Have they handled cases similar to yours?
• Reputation – Are they known for being thorough, proactive, and approachable?
• Resources – Do they have access to skilled barristers, experts, and investigators if your case needs them?

At The CJS Hub, we work alongside reputable firms who understand the complexities of the criminal justice system and provide high‑quality representation when it matters most.

Key Takeaways

• Always ask for a solicitor as soon as possible — ideally before answering any police questions.
• Free legal advice is available to everyone at the police station, regardless of your financial situation.
• After being charged, legal aid may be available, but you can still choose your own solicitor.
• Private representation can offer added focus, faster response times, and more flexibility — particularly useful for complex or high‑stakes cases.
• Choosing a solicitor with the right experience and resources can make a significant difference to how your case is handled.

Why Legal Representation Matters

Being arrested, questioned, or charged can feel overwhelming, and the choices you make early on can have lasting consequences. Having the right legal representation ensures your rights are protected and that you receive the strongest advice at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will guide you through what’s happening, explain your options clearly, and make sure the police and prosecution follow proper procedure. Without specialist advice, people often make avoidable mistakes — especially in interviews or when making key decisions.

Free Legal Advice at the Police Station

Everyone in England and Wales has the right to free legal advice at the police station. This applies whether you’ve been arrested or are attending voluntarily. You should always ask for a solicitor before answering questions.

If you haven’t arranged your own, the police will provide access to a duty solicitor at no cost. They are independent of the police and there to protect your rights. However, duty solicitors often cover several clients at once and may only become involved just before your interview.

For many people, arranging your own solicitor provides more continuity, personal attention, and the chance to work with someone who already knows your case from the outset.

After Being Charged

If you’re charged with an offence, you’ll usually have access to means‑tested legal aid. This applies whether your case goes to the Magistrates’ Court or the Crown Court.

Even if you qualify for legal aid, you are not limited to the solicitor provided by the duty rota — you can choose your own representation. Some people still choose to fund representation privately at this stage because it can provide additional flexibility, resources, and faster access to senior lawyers or barristers.

Benefits of Private Representation

Private legal representation isn’t necessary for everyone, but it can offer several advantages, particularly in complex or serious cases:

• Time and Focus – Privately funded solicitors often manage smaller caseloads, meaning more time is available to focus on your case.
• Choice of Representation – You can choose a solicitor or firm with proven expertise in cases like yours rather than relying on whoever is available on the day.
• Continuity – You’re more likely to have the same solicitor involved throughout the process, from initial advice to trial preparation.
• Access to Expertise – Private funding gives greater flexibility to instruct highly experienced barristers, independent experts, and investigators where needed.
• Responsive Support – Without the constraints of legal aid budgets, private solicitors can often act more quickly when new developments arise.

Choosing the Right Solicitor

Selecting the right solicitor is one of the most important decisions you’ll make. When deciding who to instruct, consider:

• Specialism – Do they focus on criminal defence work?
• Experience – Have they handled cases similar to yours?
• Reputation – Are they known for being thorough, proactive, and approachable?
• Resources – Do they have access to skilled barristers, experts, and investigators if your case needs them?

At The CJS Hub, we work alongside reputable firms who understand the complexities of the criminal justice system and provide high‑quality representation when it matters most.

Key Takeaways

• Always ask for a solicitor as soon as possible — ideally before answering any police questions.
• Free legal advice is available to everyone at the police station, regardless of your financial situation.
• After being charged, legal aid may be available, but you can still choose your own solicitor.
• Private representation can offer added focus, faster response times, and more flexibility — particularly useful for complex or high‑stakes cases.
• Choosing a solicitor with the right experience and resources can make a significant difference to how your case is handled.

What to Expect

For most people leaving prison, the sentence doesn’t end at the gate. Being released doesn’t mean you’re free to do whatever you like — you’ll almost always leave on licence. That means you’re allowed back into the community, but you’re still serving your sentence under specific rules and supervision. Understanding how your licence works, what probation expects, and where the risks lie is the key to staying on track and rebuilding your life.

What It Means to Be on Licence

When you’re released from custody, the rest of your sentence is served in the community under supervision. You’re free from the day-to-day restrictions of prison, but you’re not fully finished with the criminal justice system until your licence period ends. For most determinate sentences, this lasts until the original end date of your sentence. For life sentences and IPP sentences, licence conditions can last for many years — sometimes for life — though there are ways to apply for early termination in certain situations.

Your licence conditions are set by the Probation Service and approved by the Prison Governor before release. They’re designed to manage risk and support your reintegration. Some are standard, while others are tailored to your offence, your background, and the assessment of your risk.

Common Licence Conditions

While the exact rules vary from case to case, most people can expect conditions like:

• Living at an approved address and informing probation of any changes
• Attending regular meetings with your probation officer
• Staying away from certain people, places, or areas if they’re linked to your offence
• Not committing further offences or doing anything that raises risk concerns
• Allowing probation to visit you at home
• Seeking permission before travelling outside England & Wales

For some, especially those convicted of sexual or violent offences, there can be additional restrictions — like not contacting certain people, using the internet in specific ways, or attending treatment programmes. These will be explained in writing before you leave prison, and it’s crucial to make sure you fully understand them before signing anything.

Working with Probation

Probation’s role is to monitor risk, but also to support your resettlement. Some officers are brilliant, others less so — but either way, staying cooperative makes life easier. Missing appointments, ignoring instructions, or being dishonest will almost always cause problems. If you’re struggling with a condition — for example, finding suitable housing, meeting travel restrictions, or attending courses — speak to your probation officer as early as possible. They may be able to adjust things or refer you to other services for support.

The Risk of Recall

One of the hardest parts of being on licence is knowing that you can be recalled to prison. Recall can happen for two reasons: either you’ve been accused of breaching your licence conditions, or probation believes your risk has increased and you can’t be managed safely in the community.

Recalls aren’t always permanent. In some cases, you might be returned to custody for a fixed period before being released again, but for more serious breaches, you could stay inside until your original sentence expiry date. If you think a recall is unfair, there are routes to challenge it — but time limits are short, and it’s always better to avoid breaching in the first place if you can.

Balancing Freedom and Responsibility

Life on licence can feel restrictive at times, but it’s also a second chance — an opportunity to start rebuilding your life outside prison walls. Securing stable housing, rebuilding relationships, looking after your mental health, and accessing support for work, education, or training can all make a huge difference.

It’s normal to feel frustrated with the process, especially if conditions feel unfair or overly strict, but engaging with support services and sticking to the rules reduces the risk of recall and gets you closer to the finish line. For families and supporters, understanding how licence works helps you provide the right kind of encouragement without unintentionally making things harder.

Homicide means the unlawful killing of another person and covers several different offences, including murder, manslaughter, and corporate manslaughter. It’s one of the most serious areas of criminal law, carrying life-changing consequences for everyone involved.

Murder is defined as causing the death of another person with intent to kill or to cause really serious harm. It carries a mandatory life sentence on conviction, though the minimum term before release depends on the circumstances. Murder cases are often complex and can involve forensic evidence, psychiatric assessments, and detailed reconstruction of events.

Because of how serious and technical these investigations are, anyone accused or under investigation for homicide or murder needs immediate, specialist legal support. These cases demand careful preparation, close analysis of the evidence, and a solicitor who can ensure that your rights are fully protected at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will:

• Establish what the police suspect, what evidence they believe supports that suspicion, and whether it has been lawfully obtained.
• Review the custody record and ensure all police procedures have been correctly followed.
• Attend and advise you at the police interview, protecting your rights and ensuring the questioning remains within lawful limits.
• Analyse the prosecution case in detail, gather witness statements, CCTV, phone data, and forensic or medical evidence to build your defence.
• Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and guide you through each stage of proceedings.
• Where relevant, obtain expert psychological or psychiatric reports, particularly where issues such as diminished responsibility, provocation, or mental health crises arise.
• If convicted, prepare submissions to mitigate the sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

Homicide investigations are lengthy and emotionally demanding. They often attract media attention and can have a devastating effect on your family and reputation. Having the right solicitor means having someone who can handle the legal complexities, support you through the process, and ensure your side of the story is properly heard.

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Manslaughter

Manslaughter applies when someone has caused another person’s death, but without the intent to kill or cause really serious harm. It is divided into two main types:

• Voluntary manslaughter, where there was intent to cause harm, but there are special circumstances such as loss of control, diminished responsibility, or a suicide pact.
• Involuntary manslaughter, where there was no intent to harm, but death occurred due to reckless or grossly negligent behaviour — for example, during a fight that got out of hand or through a dangerous act without proper care.

Although manslaughter does not carry a mandatory life sentence, it is still treated as an extremely serious offence, and the sentence can be lengthy. The right legal representation is essential to ensure all the evidence, intent, and surrounding circumstances are carefully examined.

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Corporate Manslaughter

Corporate Manslaughter is when a company or organisation is found responsible for a death caused by serious management failings amounting to a gross breach of a duty of care. This can arise from unsafe working conditions, poor safety procedures, or neglect of known risks.

Investigations into corporate manslaughter are complex and can involve multiple agencies, including the police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The consequences can include unlimited fines, remedial orders, and lasting reputational damage. Legal advice at an early stage is crucial for both organisations and individuals under scrutiny.

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If you have any questions about homicide, murder, or manslaughter allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor to guide you through what’s happening — please contact us using the links below.

Modern slavery is a broad term used to describe situations where people are controlled, coerced, or exploited for another person’s gain. It includes offences such as forced labour, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and criminal exploitation. Under the Modern Slavery Act 2015, it is a crime to hold another person in slavery or servitude, or to require them to perform forced or compulsory labour.

The law recognises that victims may be trapped through threats, violence, debt, deception, or abuse of power — and that they may appear to consent because they see no other option. However, it’s important to understand that not everyone accused of modern slavery is a trafficker or exploiter. In many cases, the accused person may also have been a victim, acting under pressure, fear, or misunderstanding.

Why these cases are difficult

Modern slavery investigations are often complex, involving multiple agencies such as the police, immigration enforcement, and the Home Office. They can include evidence from phone data, bank records, travel documents, and witness statements taken across different countries. The definition of “exploitation” is wide, and prosecutors sometimes bring charges where the facts are disputed or where the accused had little or no control over what was happening.

The emotional and reputational impact of a modern slavery allegation is enormous. These cases often attract press attention and carry severe penalties, including long prison sentences and confiscation of assets. Having specialist legal advice from the earliest stage is crucial to ensure the investigation stays fair and the evidence is properly tested.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how modern slavery and human trafficking cases are built, and will make sure that all relevant facts — including your own background and circumstances — are fully considered. They will:

• Find out the precise basis of the allegation and obtain disclosure of the evidence against you.
• Attend and advise you at police interview, ensuring that your account is recorded accurately and that questioning stays within lawful limits.
• Check that investigators are following the correct procedures under the Modern Slavery Act and the National Referral Mechanism (NRM).
• Explore whether you should have been identified as a potential victim rather than an offender, and make the necessary referrals if appropriate.
• Instruct cultural or trafficking experts to help the court understand your situation, especially where language or cultural factors may have led to misunderstanding.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and challenge any assumptions made by the prosecution.
• If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeal routes.

Modern slavery cases are some of the most complex and sensitive in the criminal justice system. Having the right solicitor ensures that your rights are protected, the facts are properly investigated, and that any vulnerabilities or exploitation you have suffered are recognised in law.

If you have any questions about modern slavery allegations, the investigation process, or how the National Referral Mechanism works — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this area — please contact us using the links below.

Homicide means the unlawful killing of another person and covers several different offences, including murder, manslaughter, and corporate manslaughter. It’s one of the most serious areas of criminal law, carrying life-changing consequences for everyone involved.

Murder is defined as causing the death of another person with intent to kill or to cause really serious harm. It carries a mandatory life sentence on conviction, though the minimum term before release depends on the circumstances. Murder cases are often complex and can involve forensic evidence, psychiatric assessments, and detailed reconstruction of events.

Because of how serious and technical these investigations are, anyone accused or under investigation for homicide or murder needs immediate, specialist legal support. These cases demand careful preparation, close analysis of the evidence, and a solicitor who can ensure that your rights are fully protected at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will:

• Establish what the police suspect, what evidence they believe supports that suspicion, and whether it has been lawfully obtained.
• Review the custody record and ensure all police procedures have been correctly followed.
• Attend and advise you at the police interview, protecting your rights and ensuring the questioning remains within lawful limits.
• Analyse the prosecution case in detail, gather witness statements, CCTV, phone data, and forensic or medical evidence to build your defence.
• Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and guide you through each stage of proceedings.
• Where relevant, obtain expert psychological or psychiatric reports, particularly where issues such as diminished responsibility, provocation, or mental health crises arise.
• If convicted, prepare submissions to mitigate the sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

Homicide investigations are lengthy and emotionally demanding. They often attract media attention and can have a devastating effect on your family and reputation. Having the right solicitor means having someone who can handle the legal complexities, support you through the process, and ensure your side of the story is properly heard.

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Manslaughter

Manslaughter applies when someone has caused another person’s death, but without the intent to kill or cause really serious harm. It is divided into two main types:

• Voluntary manslaughter, where there was intent to cause harm, but there are special circumstances such as loss of control, diminished responsibility, or a suicide pact.
• Involuntary manslaughter, where there was no intent to harm, but death occurred due to reckless or grossly negligent behaviour — for example, during a fight that got out of hand or through a dangerous act without proper care.

Although manslaughter does not carry a mandatory life sentence, it is still treated as an extremely serious offence, and the sentence can be lengthy. The right legal representation is essential to ensure all the evidence, intent, and surrounding circumstances are carefully examined.

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Corporate Manslaughter

Corporate Manslaughter is when a company or organisation is found responsible for a death caused by serious management failings amounting to a gross breach of a duty of care. This can arise from unsafe working conditions, poor safety procedures, or neglect of known risks.

Investigations into corporate manslaughter are complex and can involve multiple agencies, including the police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The consequences can include unlimited fines, remedial orders, and lasting reputational damage. Legal advice at an early stage is crucial for both organisations and individuals under scrutiny.

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If you have any questions about homicide, murder, or manslaughter allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor to guide you through what’s happening — please contact us using the links below.

Possession with intent to supply is a serious criminal offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. It means being found in possession of controlled drugs — such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, or other substances — where the police or prosecution believe those drugs were intended for someone else, rather than for your own personal use.

This offence applies to all classes of drugs (A, B, and C). It doesn’t require an actual sale to have taken place; the “intent to supply” can be inferred from the quantity of drugs, the way they were packaged, the presence of cash, phones, scales, or messages suggesting dealing activity.

Why these cases are serious

Possession with intent to supply is treated by the courts as more serious than simple possession because it implies dealing or distribution. Sentences can range from community orders to lengthy prison terms depending on the drug type, quantity, and role alleged — whether someone is seen as a street-level dealer, courier, or organiser.

However, not every person found with drugs is involved in supply. It’s common for police to assume intent based purely on amount or circumstance. Some people may share drugs socially or hold them for others without any intent to sell. Others may have been pressured or exploited by more serious offenders. That’s why it’s vital to have a solicitor who can properly test the evidence and put your account across clearly.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure that your case is handled fairly and that every assumption about intent is properly challenged. They will:

• Find out exactly what drugs were seized and how the police say they were found.
• Ensure that stop, search, and seizure procedures were carried out lawfully under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE).
• Review all evidence such as phone downloads, text messages, and financial records to see whether it genuinely supports an intent to supply.
• Examine forensic reports for purity, weight, and handling issues that could affect reliability.
• Explore whether you were holding the drugs for personal use, under pressure, or on behalf of someone else.
• Instruct independent forensic or digital experts where needed to test police conclusions.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, challenge the prosecution’s interpretation, and advise you clearly on plea and sentence options.

Having the right solicitor early on can make a huge difference — particularly before charge, when representations can sometimes prevent a case from going to court at all.

If you have any questions about possession with intent to supply, police searches, or the court process — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in drug cases — please contact us using the links below.

Rape is one of the most serious criminal offences in English law. It is defined under section 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 as intentionally penetrating another person’s vagina, anus, or mouth with a penis without their consent, and without a reasonable belief that they consented. The law focuses heavily on consent and the accused person’s state of mind — what they believed, and whether that belief was reasonable in the circumstances.

The maximum sentence for rape is life imprisonment. However, it is important to understand that not every allegation of rape results in a charge or conviction. The key question in most cases is not whether sexual activity took place, but whether both people consented. These cases often arise from misunderstandings, false allegations, or situations involving alcohol or drugs where memories and perceptions differ.

Why these cases are so complex

Rape investigations are detailed and sensitive. The police gather evidence such as forensic samples, messages, call logs, CCTV, and witness accounts, often over many months. Digital evidence from phones and social media can play a major role, but it must be examined fairly and in context — not selectively. Many people facing rape allegations have never been in trouble before and find the process frightening and overwhelming. Having a solicitor who understands both the law and the emotional strain of such an allegation is crucial.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will protect your rights, ensure the investigation is fair, and help the police and CPS to consider evidence that supports your innocence as well as what may appear to support the complaint. They will:

• Find out what the allegation is based on and what evidence the police currently hold.
• Attend and advise you during your police interview under caution, ensuring you are treated fairly and that your account is clearly recorded.
• Make sure that all procedures under PACE and the CPIA Code are properly followed, including the duty to pursue reasonable lines of enquiry that point away from guilt.
• Review digital evidence such as texts, social media, and location data to identify material that supports your account of consent or contradicts the complainant’s version.
• Where necessary, request expert evidence — for example, medical, psychological, or forensic reports — to clarify issues of timing, injury, or credibility.
• If you are charged, prepare your defence with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel, ensuring every element of the case is properly challenged in court.
• If convicted, advise you on mitigation and possible grounds for appeal.

Because rape cases often turn on questions of consent, communication, and credibility, having a strong, experienced solicitor is essential. They can make sure that the investigation remains balanced, that your voice is properly heard, and that the CPS do not proceed unless the evidence genuinely meets the legal threshold for charge.

If you have any questions about rape allegations, the police process, or how to find the right solicitor for your case, please contact us using the links below.

Walking out of the prison gates is often described as freedom — but for many, it’s the start of an entirely new challenge. Life after release can feel overwhelming, whether you’re the one coming out or supporting someone who is. There’s relief, yes, but there’s also uncertainty, anxiety, and the weight of rebuilding a life that’s been on hold.

Reintegration isn’t about going back to how things were before — it’s about creating a new way forward. The CJS Hub is here to help you navigate that journey, offering practical advice and pointing you towards the right support.

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Facing the First Few Days

The first days after release are often the hardest. Everything feels fast, noisy, and different, especially if someone’s been inside for months or years. Even small tasks — using a bank card, travelling, or accessing healthcare — can feel daunting.

This is also the stage where licence conditions or probation requirements kick in. There might be curfews, reporting times, or restrictions on where you can live or who you can contact. Understanding these rules early on helps avoid mistakes that could lead to recall.

For family and friends, patience is key. Give your loved one space to process everything, but be ready to step in if they need practical help. Sometimes that’s as simple as helping with paperwork, arranging appointments, or offering a quiet place to breathe.

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Building a Stable Foundation

Rebuilding life after release starts with stability. That usually means securing three essentials:

• Somewhere safe to live — This could be temporary housing, staying with family, or applying for supported accommodation. Probation and resettlement teams can sometimes help, but spaces are limited, so it’s worth exploring multiple options.
• A source of income — Whether through work, benefits, or a mix of both, having financial stability reduces stress and risk. Finding employment can be challenging with a record, but support organisations exist to connect people with second-chance employers.
• Access to healthcare — Many people leave prison with untreated mental or physical health issues. Registering with a GP and getting referrals where needed is an important early step.

Getting these basics sorted doesn’t solve everything — but without them, rebuilding is almost impossible.

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Staying Connected and Supported

For many, release is emotionally messy. There can be shame, anger, anxiety, or even guilt about lost time. Relationships with partners, children, and friends may feel strained or uncertain. Rebuilding trust takes patience and honesty — both ways.

Support doesn’t just come from family. Community groups, peer networks, and mentoring programmes can offer spaces where people don’t have to explain themselves. These networks help with motivation, confidence, and knowing you’re not going through it alone.

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Making Use of Available Help

There are organisations across England and Wales dedicated to helping people rebuild after release. From housing charities and employment projects to mental health services and addiction recovery programmes, there is help out there — though it isn’t always easy to find or access.

The CJS Hub is pulling these resources together in one place to make them easier to navigate. Whether you’re looking for practical support, peer communities, or someone who understands what you’re facing, we’ll point you in the right direction.

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Life after prison can be challenging, but it isn’t hopeless. Rebuilding takes time, persistence, and support — but with the right help, it is absolutely possible to move forward. Every step, no matter how small, is progress.

The CJS Hub exists to guide you through this stage — connecting you with information, resources, and a community of people who understand what you’re going through.

Being accused of a crime — even if you’re later acquitted or receive a No Further Action (NFA) decision — changes things. For many people, the legal process ends long before the emotional fallout does. Trust can be shaken, relationships strained, and connections with colleagues, friends, or family may feel fragile.

Rebuilding those personal and professional ties takes time, patience, and understanding — both from you and from the people around you. It’s not always easy, but it is possible.

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Starting with Yourself

Before you can rebuild relationships with others, it often helps to focus on yourself first. The stress of an accusation and investigation can leave you drained, anxious, or even resentful. Taking time to process your own feelings — whether that’s through counselling, peer support, or just having space to breathe — can make you better prepared to reconnect with others in a healthy way.

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Reconnecting with Family and Friends

Family and close friends often go through their own emotional journey during an accusation. Some may have stood firmly by you; others may have stepped back, unsure how to cope or what to believe. Both reactions are common, and healing those divides takes honesty and patience.

Start small — open conversations about how you’ve been affected, listen to their perspective, and acknowledge any hurt or confusion they may have experienced too. Some relationships bounce back quickly; others may take longer, and that’s okay.

Peer support groups, such as those connected through the CJS Hub, can also be valuable spaces to talk to people who’ve faced similar challenges and understand the emotional weight involved.

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Rebuilding Professional Relationships

Allegations can also impact your work life, even if you’re fully cleared. Employers and colleagues may have heard rumours or been directly affected during the investigation. Returning to work — or finding new employment — can feel daunting, but there are practical steps you can take:

• If your case resulted in an NFA or acquittal, request written confirmation from the police or your solicitor. This can reassure employers where needed.
• Be selective about what you share — you don’t need to relive every detail to explain your situation.
• If you were dismissed or suspended, consider asking for advice on your employment rights.

Rebuilding your professional reputation takes time, but focusing on your skills, reliability, and work ethic is often the strongest way to change perceptions.

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When Relationships Don’t Recover

It’s painful, but some connections may not survive. False allegations and prolonged investigations can create divides that are too deep to fully repair. That doesn’t mean you’ve failed — it means some people weren’t able or willing to work through it with you.

In those cases, putting energy into building new healthy relationships, joining supportive communities, and focusing on your own recovery can be a powerful way to move forward.

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An acquittal or NFA decision can lift the weight of the legal process, but rebuilding your life and relationships often takes time. Be patient with yourself, patient with others, and seek out spaces where you feel safe, supported, and understood.

The CJS Hub is here to provide resources, guides, and peer connections to help you navigate this journey — for both you and the people around you.

Coming out of prison can feel like stepping into an entirely different world. Whether you’ve been inside for a few weeks or several years, release brings new freedoms — but also new challenges. Securing somewhere to live, finding work, reconnecting with family, and managing your mental health can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re navigating the conditions of your licence at the same time.

The good news is that there are systems, services, and organisations designed to help you start again. Understanding what support is available — and knowing how to access it — can make all the difference in rebuilding your life.

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Finding a Place to Live

A stable home is one of the biggest factors in successful reintegration. Before release, probation and resettlement teams should work with you to create a plan for where you’ll live. In some cases, you may be offered a place in approved premises (sometimes called “hostels”), especially if there’s no safe or suitable address to return to. These come with curfews and stricter monitoring, but they also provide a secure base to get back on your feet.

If you have family or friends willing to house you, probation will need to assess the address before approving it. Where that’s not an option, you’ll usually be referred to your local council’s housing team. The reality, though, is that demand is high, and some areas have long waiting lists or limited options. It can help to seek advice early, both from your probation officer and from specialist housing organisations who understand the extra barriers faced by people with criminal records.

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Getting Back Into Work

Employment can play a huge role in reducing reoffending and rebuilding confidence — but it’s not always easy. Some employers are open to giving people a second chance, while others may require you to disclose your conviction depending on the role and when your record becomes “spent” under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act.

Start by checking whether your prison or probation team has links to employability programmes or organisations that support people with convictions. Some charities and training providers specialise in helping you write CVs, prepare for interviews, and understand your rights around disclosure. Even voluntary roles or short courses can help build confidence and show future employers that you’re working towards stability.

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Looking After Your Mental Health

Release can bring unexpected emotions. Relief, anxiety, guilt, frustration — it’s a lot to process, especially if you’ve spent time away from loved ones, lost your job, or feel overwhelmed by the conditions attached to your release. It’s common for people to experience low mood or high stress in the weeks and months after leaving custody.

Support is available, both through prison healthcare teams before release and through the NHS or local mental health services afterwards. Don’t hesitate to speak to your probation officer if you’re struggling — they can refer you to specialist providers and peer support networks. You’re not expected to manage everything on your own.

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Rebuilding Through Support Services

There are a number of services and organisations across England and Wales that can help you get back on track. These range from housing charities to employment schemes and counselling providers. For example:

• Probation Resettlement Teams – Help with housing, benefits, and licence-related support.
• National Careers Service – Free advice on finding work and training opportunities.
• Unlock – A charity supporting people with convictions, especially around employment and disclosure.
• Mind and Samaritans – Support for anyone struggling with mental health or coping after release.
• Citizens Advice – Guidance on benefits, debt, housing, and legal rights.

Using the right mix of services early on can stop small problems from spiralling into bigger ones and give you a better chance of success outside.

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Reconnecting With Family and Community

One of the biggest hurdles for many people leaving prison is repairing relationships. Time inside can put strain on families, partners, and friendships — and in some cases, rebuilding trust takes time. Some probation teams and charities run family support programmes designed to help everyone adjust and talk openly about expectations after release.

Community reintegration isn’t just about avoiding prison — it’s about finding a sense of belonging again. Joining peer support groups, attending recovery meetings, or connecting with organisations like the CJS Hub can give you the tools and confidence to move forward.

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Reintegration isn’t easy, and it rarely happens overnight. You might face setbacks — housing refusals, job rejections, strained relationships — but every small step forward matters. Understanding the support available, working closely with probation where needed, and accessing the right services gives you the best possible chance of building a stable, fulfilling life beyond custody.

The CJS Hub is here to guide you, your family, and your supporters through this process — helping you find practical answers and pointing you towards services that can really make a difference.

“Revenge porn” is the common term for the offence of disclosing private sexual photographs or videos without consent, with the intention of causing distress. It was introduced by section 33 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015. The law applies whether the images were shared online, through messaging apps, email, or even printed or shown to others in person.

The offence doesn’t just cover ex-partners posting images out of anger. It includes any situation where sexual images, taken privately, are shared without the person’s agreement and where it can be shown that the intent was to cause them distress. It can also apply even if the person sharing the material originally took the photo or video themselves.

The maximum sentence is two years’ imprisonment, and offenders can also face restraining orders, sex offender notification requirements, and long-term reputational damage. Because of how easily private material can spread online, even a single upload or message can have devastating consequences.

Why these cases are complicated

Revenge porn allegations often arise from relationship breakdowns, misunderstandings, or situations where consent around sharing isn’t clear. Sometimes images are shared automatically through cloud backups, old messages, or hacked accounts. In other cases, someone else may have accessed the material and posted it without the accused person’s knowledge. Establishing who actually uploaded or sent the image — and with what intent — is crucial.

These cases often involve digital forensics, social-media records, and disclosure of messages between the parties. They can be emotionally charged and highly intrusive, so having a calm, experienced solicitor guiding you through each step makes all the difference.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure the police investigation remains fair, proportionate, and based on evidence rather than assumption. They will:

• Find out what material is alleged to have been shared, how it was obtained, and whether there is proof that you were the person who sent or uploaded it.
• Review the digital and metadata evidence to check for technical explanations such as hacked accounts, synced devices, or automatic backups.
• Attend and advise you at any police interview, ensuring your account is properly recorded and that questioning stays within lawful limits.
• Challenge whether the prosecution can prove both intent to cause distress and lack of consent — both of which must be shown for a conviction.
• Instruct digital-forensics experts or cyber specialists where necessary to analyse phone or account activity.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and represent you in court if charged.
• If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on potential appeal routes.

Because of the personal nature of these cases, discretion and sensitivity are essential. A solicitor with experience in sexual-image offences will protect your privacy wherever possible, deal directly with police digital-evidence units, and help manage the emotional impact on you and your family.

If you have any questions about revenge porn allegations, online image sharing, or what to do if the police have seized your phone — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Sexual assault is a serious criminal offence that covers a wide range of unwanted sexual contact. In law, it means intentionally touching another person sexually without their consent and without a reasonable belief that they consented. The legal definition comes from section 3 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. “Sexual touching” can include anything from groping or kissing through clothing to more direct contact, and it applies regardless of gender.

Sexual assault allegations are treated extremely seriously by the police and Crown Prosecution Service. They often rely on one person’s word against another, and even a false or mistaken allegation can have devastating effects on someone’s life, career, and relationships. These cases are sensitive and complex, especially when alcohol, social situations, or miscommunication are involved. That’s why anyone accused of sexual assault needs careful, experienced legal representation from the very beginning.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how sexual offence investigations work and how easily the facts can be misunderstood or misrepresented. From the moment of arrest or voluntary interview, you have the right to legal advice — and that advice should come from a solicitor who regularly handles sexual offence cases.

They will:

• Find out exactly what the police suspect, what evidence they claim to have, and how it has been gathered.
• Attend and advise you during any interview under caution, ensuring that you do not say anything that could later be misinterpreted.
• Check that the police and investigators are following all the correct procedures under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) and the Code of Practice.
• Review digital evidence such as phone downloads, messages, social media, and CCTV, to make sure it has been handled fairly and that material which may support your account is not being overlooked.
• Identify any inconsistencies or delays in the complainant’s account, and ensure that reasonable lines of enquiry are pursued that could point away from guilt.
• Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case, obtain expert evidence if needed (forensic, medical, or psychological), and advise you clearly on whether to plead guilty or not guilty.
• If you are charged, they will support you through the Crown Court process and, if convicted, advise on sentencing and any grounds for appeal.

Sexual assault allegations can take months or even years to investigate, and the uncertainty can be overwhelming. Having the right solicitor helps ensure that the process stays fair and that your rights are protected throughout. They will also help manage contact with the police, explain what happens next, and keep you informed in plain English every step of the way.

If you have any questions about sexual assault allegations, police interviews, or the investigation process — or if you need help identifying a solicitor with expertise in this area — please contact us using the links below.

The offence of sexual communication with a child was introduced in 2017 under section 15A of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It makes it a crime for an adult to intentionally communicate with someone under 16 for a sexual purpose. The communication can be by message, call, social media, video, or any online or digital means. It doesn’t matter if no physical contact ever took place — simply sending or requesting sexual messages or images can lead to an investigation or prosecution.

To prove the offence, the prosecution must show that the communication was sexual in nature or intended to encourage the child to make sexual communication in return, and that the adult knew or believed the person was under 16. In many cases, the “child” is actually an undercover police officer or a so-called “paedophile hunter” posing as a child online, which can make the evidence complex and the law difficult to interpret.

Why these cases are so serious

Allegations of sexual communication with a child are treated with the same gravity as contact offences. Conviction can lead to a prison sentence, registration on the Sex Offenders Register, and long-term restrictions on work, travel, and relationships. Even before a charge is made, the stigma alone can be devastating. Because of the sensitive and technical nature of these cases — especially where digital evidence and undercover operations are involved — it’s vital to have experienced legal representation from the start.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how these investigations are conducted and will protect your rights at every stage. They will:

• Find out exactly what messages or communications are being relied upon and how the evidence was obtained.
• Attend your police interview under caution, ensuring you receive proper legal advice and that questioning remains within lawful limits.
• Examine the digital evidence and disclosure schedules to see whether the material has been accurately recorded and presented in context.
• Assess whether the alleged victim was real or part of an undercover operation, and whether police procedures under PACE and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) were correctly followed.
• Work with digital forensic experts to confirm whether the accounts or messages can be reliably attributed to you.
• Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and represent you in court if required.
• If convicted, prepare detailed mitigation and advise you on possible grounds for appeal.

These cases often involve chat logs, phone extractions, and online profiles that can easily be misinterpreted or taken out of context. A strong legal team will make sure the whole picture is seen, not just selected messages chosen by the prosecution.

If you have any questions about sexual communication allegations, digital evidence, or police interviews — or if you need help identifying a solicitor who understands these types of cases — please contact us using the links below.

When you walk into prison for the first time, it can feel like you’ve lost control of everything — but it’s important to know that you don’t lose all your rights. While your freedom is restricted, you’re still entitled to safety, dignity, and proper healthcare. Understanding what you can expect, and what you’re entitled to, can make a huge difference both for you and for the people supporting you.

You have the right to humane treatment, the right to practise your religion, and the right to complain if something isn’t right. You also have the right to healthcare equivalent to what you’d receive outside prison — but the reality is that services inside are under pressure, and things can take time. Knowing how the system works makes it easier to navigate and get the help you need.

When you first arrive at prison, you’ll have a health screening. This is a chance to raise any existing conditions, medications, or ongoing needs. Healthcare inside is usually run by the NHS or an NHS-contracted provider, and in theory the standard should match what you’d get in the community. In practice, things can move slowly, especially in busy local prisons where demand is high and staff are stretched. If you need to see a GP, nurse, dentist, or optician, you’ll normally put in a healthcare request, but waiting times can vary. Urgent issues are dealt with more quickly, and in emergencies, people are taken to hospital under escort.

Mental health support is there, but again, it’s limited and can vary a lot between prisons. Some prisons have mental health nurses on-site and can arrange counselling or assessments if you need them. There’s also the Listener scheme, where trained prisoners work with the Samaritans to support others confidentially, and chaplaincy teams are often a big source of emotional support — you don’t need to be religious to speak to them. If someone is considered at risk of self-harm or suicide, they may be placed on an ACCT plan. That means more regular checks, closer monitoring, and extra input from staff and peers to keep them safe.

If something goes wrong — whether it’s about healthcare, safety, or how you’re being treated — there is a complaints process in every prison. Most issues can be raised directly with wing staff or healthcare first, but if that doesn’t resolve it, there are formal routes. Complaints about healthcare can eventually be taken to the NHS, and unresolved wider issues can be escalated to the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman. Some prisons also have independent advocates and peer mentors who can help you get your voice heard when you’re struggling to make progress.

For families and supporters, it can be frustrating trying to understand what’s happening when someone inside is unwell. Staff usually can’t share information without the prisoner’s consent, but you can encourage your loved one to request help and support them in raising issues. Many prisons also have family liaison officers who act as a bridge between staff and families when someone is particularly vulnerable or in crisis.

Prison life can be stressful, but you’re not without rights and you’re not without options. Knowing what you’re entitled to, what help is available, and how to ask for it can make things easier to manage — both for those serving time and for the people who care about them.

Supporting Someone During Court Proceedings

When someone you care about is facing court, it’s natural to feel anxious, overwhelmed, and unsure of what to expect. Courtrooms can seem intimidating, especially if you’ve never set foot in one before. You’re there to support them, but you might also be juggling your own fears, confusion, and frustration.

This page is here to guide you through the process — from understanding what’s likely to happen on the day to preparing yourself emotionally and practically so you can be the strongest support possible.

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Understanding the Court Journey

Every case is different, but once someone has been charged, the process generally starts in the magistrates’ court, even for more serious offences. The first appearance often feels rushed, but important things can happen: bail decisions, plea entry, or setting the next hearing date.

After that, the case may stay in magistrates’ or move to the Crown Court if it’s more serious. Crown Court hearings involve judges, barristers, juries, and can stretch over weeks or even months. For families and friends, it can feel like a constant cycle of waiting, worrying, and reacting — especially when hearings are adjourned or decisions get delayed.

Knowing roughly where your loved one’s case sits in the process can make the experience feel less overwhelming.

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How You Can Help Before the Hearing

Practical preparation goes a long way. Being organised and calm can make the day less stressful for both you and the person facing court. Make sure you know where the court is, what time to arrive, and whether there are any documents or forms your loved one needs to bring. If bail conditions apply, double-check they aren’t breached — arriving early or going somewhere restricted can cause problems.

It can also help to talk things through in advance. Discuss whether they want you in the courtroom, where you’ll sit, and how you can best support them on the day. Sometimes just knowing you’ll be there in the building makes a massive difference.

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What to Expect on the Day

Courts can feel tense and confusing. Security checks happen at the entrance, and once you’re inside, the environment can be busy and noisy. You might have long periods of waiting, especially if there are delays in the list.

Inside the courtroom, proceedings are formal, but you don’t need to understand every word — your presence alone can be a powerful source of comfort. Some supporters sit quietly in the gallery; others wait outside if that feels less overwhelming for the person on trial. Both are fine — what matters is showing them they’re not alone.

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Emotional Support Through the Process

Watching someone you care about stand in court can be exhausting. You may hear things said about them — or about events — that are upsetting or hard to listen to. You may feel angry at the system, frustrated by delays, or helpless when you want answers you don’t have. These reactions are completely normal.

Be gentle with yourself as well as with them. Lean on friends, family, or peer support groups if you need to talk it through. Supporting someone through court isn’t just about showing up physically — it’s about managing your own emotional energy so you can keep being there when it matters most.

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After the Hearing

Court outcomes vary. Sometimes your loved one will leave with relief; other times, the process will move forward and there’ll be another hearing to prepare for. Decisions about bail, trial dates, or sentencing can have a massive impact on everyone involved.

Whatever happens, try to focus on what comes next rather than everything at once. Each stage has its own challenges, and getting clear, steady information can make those challenges easier to handle.

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Supporting someone through court is one of the hardest things you can do. It demands patience, resilience, and emotional strength — but it also makes a real difference. Simply being there, understanding the process, and helping with the practicalities can help your loved one feel less alone in one of the most stressful periods of their life.

And remember, your well-being matters too. The CJS Hub is here to provide resources, guidance, and community for anyone navigating the court system — whether you’re the one in the dock or the one standing by their side.

What to Expect When You First Arrive

If you’re sentenced to custody or remanded into prison, your first stop will usually be a local prison — the one nearest to the court. It’s normal to feel anxious, scared, and confused at this stage, especially if you’ve never been inside before.

The first 24 hours are structured to process you, check your welfare, and explain the rules. Knowing what happens can take away some of the fear.

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Reception and Processing

When you first arrive, you’ll go through reception. Here’s what usually happens:

• Identity checks — You’ll give your name, date of birth, and details for verification.
• Property recording — Staff will list, bag, and store your belongings. You’ll usually be allowed some approved items in your cell, and the rest will be stored securely until release.
• Photographs & fingerprints — Standard procedure for everyone.
• Health screening — A nurse or healthcare worker will check your physical and mental health. Tell them about any medication, ongoing treatment, or if you’re struggling emotionally — it matters.
• Risk assessment — Staff ask questions about self-harm risks, vulnerabilities, and potential safety issues with other prisoners.

This information helps the prison decide where to house you and what support you may need.

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Understanding Your Rights

On arrival, you should be told about your rights under the Prison Rules:

• You can ask to contact a family member to let them know where you are.
• You can ask to speak to a solicitor.
• You have the right to healthcare and basic dignity.
• If you feel unsafe, you can raise concerns with staff — you may be placed on a safer custody plan if needed.

Prisons often provide an “induction pack” explaining rules, routines, visiting times, and complaint procedures. If English isn’t your first language, translation services should be offered.

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First Night Procedures

Most prisons have a First Night Centre or dedicated induction wing:

• You’ll be shown your cell and given bedding, toiletries, and basic clothing if needed.
• Staff should explain how things work — using the phone, ordering meals, exercise times, and making requests (“apps”).
• You may get the chance to make a phone call, though some prisons restrict this to one short call on day one.
• If you’re at risk of harm — from others or yourself — you might be placed under closer supervision.

Many people find the first night inside the hardest. If you feel panicked, tell staff — they’ve seen it before and there are safeguards to keep you safe.

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Induction Programme

In your first few days, you’ll go through an induction designed to explain prison life:

• Daily routine: unlock times, meal times, work, education, and association periods.
• Prison rules: what’s allowed, what isn’t, and what happens if you break rules.
• Support services: healthcare, mental health teams, education, and resettlement advice.
• Contacting family: how visits work, adding numbers to your phone PIN, and using Email-a-Prisoner.

Induction usually lasts a few days, but timescales vary depending on how busy the prison is.

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Support and Vulnerability

If you’re struggling emotionally or worried about your safety:

• Tell a member of staff, an officer on your wing, or the safer custody team.
• You may be referred to Listener Schemes — trained prisoners who offer peer support, managed by the Samaritans.
• You can also speak to healthcare, chaplaincy, or independent advocates if you need extra help.

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Contacting the Outside World

Within the first few days, you should be able to:

• Make phone calls to approved numbers once your PIN account is set up.
• Receive letters — your family can find your prison’s address online.
• Apply for visits, though these may take a little time to arrange.

If you’re remanded rather than sentenced, you may have extra rights around visits and contact with legal representatives.

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Things to Expect in the First Week

• Limited movement: You may spend a lot of time locked up at first, especially in busy prisons.
• Structured days: Set times for meals, exercise, and association.
• Meeting key staff: You’ll meet your wing officer and possibly a personal officer assigned to you.
• Settling in: It takes time, but routines start to make things feel manageable.

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Tips for Your First Days

• Ask questions — it’s normal not to know how things work.
• Be polite and respectful with staff; it makes day-to-day life smoother.
• Use your induction to learn the rules and routines — they matter.
• If you feel low, anxious, or unsafe, speak up early.
• Keep your family informed as much as possible; it reassures everyone.