Early Stage

Understanding Pleas Guide

What to expect when you’re interviewed by police, your rights, and how to prepare for this important stage of the process.

What is a Plea?

A plea is your formal response to the charges against you. When asked “How do you plead?”, you must answer either guilty or not guilty. This is one of the most important decisions in your case.

Your plea determines what happens next. A guilty plea leads to sentencing. A not guilty plea leads to a trial where the prosecution must prove their case.

Critical: Never enter a plea without first speaking to a solicitor. The decision has major consequences for your future.

Guilty Plea

Pleading guilty means you accept that you committed the offence. You’re admitting to the crime as charged.

What Happens After a Guilty Plea

  • The court moves to sentencing (sometimes on the same day, sometimes later)
  • Pre-sentence reports may be ordered
  • Your solicitor can present mitigation (reasons for a lighter sentence)
  • The victim may provide an impact statement

Credit for Early Guilty Plea

If you plead guilty at the first opportunity, you typically receive a one-third reduction in your sentence. This credit decreases the later you plead:

First hearing: Up to 1/3 reduction

After trial date set: Up to 1/4 reduction

Day of trial: Up to 1/10 reduction

Not Guilty Plea

Pleading not guilty means you deny committing the offence. The prosecution must then prove their case “beyond reasonable doubt” at trial.

What Happens After a Not Guilty Plea

  • A trial date is set (this can be weeks or months away)
  • Both sides exchange evidence (disclosure)
  • Your solicitor prepares your defence
  • Witnesses may be interviewed
  • The trial takes place with evidence and cross-examination

Possible Outcomes

Acquittal (Not Guilty)

If the prosecution doesn’t prove their case, you’re found not guilty. The case ends and you have no conviction.

Conviction (Guilty)

If the prosecution proves their case, you’re found guilty and move to sentencing. No credit is given for plea timing.

Factors to Consider

Your solicitor will help you consider:

The Evidence

How strong is the prosecution’s case? Is there CCTV, DNA, witnesses, or other evidence?

Your Account

What’s your version of events? Do you have evidence or witnesses to support it?

Legal Defences

Are there legal defences available? Self-defence, duress, or lack of intent might apply.

Consequences

What are the likely sentences for guilty vs not guilty at trial? What’s the impact on your life?

The Stress of Trial

Trials are stressful. Consider the emotional and practical impact of going through one.

Can You Change Your Plea?

Yes, but it’s complicated:

Changing from Not Guilty to Guilty

You can change to guilty at any point before or during trial. However, the later you change, the less credit you receive on sentencing.

Changing from Guilty to Not Guilty

This is much harder. You can only change a guilty plea if the court allows it, and only in limited circumstances:

  • The plea wasn’t truly voluntary
  • You didn’t understand what you were pleading to
  • You were under significant pressure
  • There were legal errors in the process

Other Options

Basis of Plea

Sometimes you can plead guilty but on a different “basis” – accepting some facts but not others. For example, pleading guilty to assault but saying you acted in partial self-defence.

Pleading to Lesser Offences

You might plead not guilty to the main charge but guilty to a lesser charge. For example, not guilty to GBH but guilty to ABH. The prosecution can accept or reject this.

Newton Hearing

If you plead guilty but disagree with the prosecution’s version of events (and it affects sentencing), there may be a Newton hearing. This is a mini-trial on the disputed facts.