When you or someone close to you is caught up in the criminal justice system, one of the most important things you can do early on is understand exactly what offence is being investigated, suspected, or charged. That knowledge helps you make informed decisions about legal advice, representation, and next steps.

Why It Matters

Whether you’re at the police station stage, awaiting a charging decision, or already preparing for court, understanding the allegation — and the specific offence it relates to — is crucial for your defence and peace of mind. It can also help you:

  • Ask the right questions when choosing a solicitor
  • Spot whether the solicitor you’re speaking to has the right experience
  • Start thinking practically about what sort of outcome you might be facing
  • Get your head around what’s likely to happen next

Even a basic grasp of the law behind the charge can make a huge difference. You don’t need to become an expert — but you do need to understand what you’re up against.

How to Use This Page

Below, you’ll find our offence guides — plain-English breakdowns of common criminal offences in England and Wales.

We’ve written these guides for people who aren’t lawyers, to help you get clarity fast — whether you’ve been arrested, charged, or are just trying to support a loved one through it.

Can’t See Your Offence Listed?

We’re adding new offence guides all the time. If your charge isn’t listed yet — or you’re not even sure what the offence is — you can contact us and we’ll point you in the right direction. You can:

  • Use the contact us options at the top or bottom of this page
  • Or click here to get in touch with The CJS Hub directly

We don’t offer legal advice ourselves — but we do help you understand the process, know what to expect, and get the right support in place.

Assault is a broad term that covers a range of violent offences, from minor scuffles to incidents causing serious injury. At its lowest level, it can involve threats or minor physical contact, while at its highest, it includes causing significant harm to another person. Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) is one of the most serious forms of assault and refers to causing really serious injury, whether deliberately (known as with intent, under section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861) or recklessly (under section 20). Both are serious criminal offences, and GBH with intent carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Being accused of assault or GBH is a serious matter that can have life-changing consequences. These offences often carry prison sentences, so it’s vital that you have an experienced Criminal Defence Solicitor fighting your corner from the very start. A good solicitor will know exactly how the police work, the tactics they use, and how to protect your rights every step of the way.

The right solicitor will:

  • Find out what suspicions the police have about your alleged involvement and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
  • Check your custody record and speak with the Custody Sergeant to make sure proper procedures have been followed.
  • Attend your interview under caution, giving you clear legal advice and ensuring the interviewer stays within their legal powers and the required Codes of Practice.
  • Challenge any unnecessary or disproportionate bail conditions if the police are considering pre-charge bail.
  • If you are charged, analyse the prosecution evidence in full, assess its strengths and weaknesses, take detailed instructions from you, and obtain witness statements or expert evidence about the complainant’s injuries where relevant.
  • Work with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, represent you in court, and guide you on whether to plead guilty or not guilty. They can also make or renew bail applications where appropriate.
  • If convicted, make submissions to reduce the severity of your sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

In many assault or GBH cases, the evidence can be limited to one person’s word against another. It’s common for the police to focus heavily on the complainant’s version of events, which can lead to innocent people being caught up in situations such as bar fights or street altercations that got out of hand. Having the right solicitor ensures your side of the story is properly heard and that all relevant evidence is investigated, not just what suits the prosecution’s narrative.

If you’re facing an investigation or charge for assault or GBH and need help finding a reliable solicitor, get in touch using the links below—we’ll help you find the right legal support for your situation.

Being accused of attempted murder is one of the most serious situations anyone can face. It’s a charge that brings huge anxiety and uncertainty, not only for you but also for your family. These cases are complex and demanding, requiring careful handling, detailed preparation, and a strong defence strategy. Questions about the defendant’s state of mind and the use of advanced forensic techniques make it essential to have experienced, specialist representation from Criminal Defence Solicitors who understand the nuances of such cases. They will be able to identify the key issues quickly and present your case clearly and effectively before a judge or jury.

Because a conviction for attempted murder carries the possibility of a life sentence, it is vital to have an experienced and knowledgeable solicitor in your corner—someone who understands how the police and Crown Court prosecutors operate and can anticipate their tactics.

If you’re unsure where to start, we can help you find a solicitor who will:

  • Establish what suspicions the police have and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
  • Examine the custody record and liaise with the Custody Officer to ensure all procedures have been followed correctly.
  • Attend your interview under caution, ensuring you receive proper legal advice and that the interview remains within the limits of the law and relevant Codes of Practice.
  • Scrutinise the evidence, gather witness statements, and obtain forensic and expert opinions to build a strong defence based on the full circumstances.
  • Work closely with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel, represent you in court, and guide you on the best course—whether that’s a guilty or not guilty plea.
  • Prepare any necessary submissions to reduce the severity of sentencing if convicted, and advise on potential grounds for appeal.

Attempted murder investigations are often intricate, involving vast amounts of police evidence and complex forensic analysis such as DNA and ballistics. You need a defence team that not only understands the technicalities but also works closely with leading experts in scientific, medical, and forensic fields. This collaboration is critical in tackling the sophisticated issues that frequently arise in these cases.

In many instances, mental health plays a central role, particularly when assessing intent—the key element in attempted murder. If you or a loved one have been sectioned under the Mental Health Act or are struggling with psychiatric issues following an incident, it’s essential to have a team experienced in securing expert medical assessments and challenging the prosecution’s case from the earliest stage.

A drug conspiracy charge means that the police or prosecution believe two or more people agreed to be involved in supplying, producing, or importing controlled drugs. It doesn’t require drugs to have been physically found at the time of arrest — the offence lies in the agreement itself. The law comes from the Criminal Law Act 1977 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, and covers all drug classes (A, B, and C).

Conspiracy charges are often based on long-term investigations, sometimes involving phone evidence, surveillance, or EncroChat and other encrypted messaging systems. The prosecution doesn’t need to prove that the plan was completed — only that an agreement existed and that the accused person took part knowingly.

Why these cases are so serious

Conspiracy to supply drugs is treated by the courts as one of the most serious drug offences. Sentences are often lengthy and depend on the role played, the class and quantity of drugs involved, and whether the alleged agreement was commercial or social in nature.

However, conspiracy cases are rarely straightforward. People can be accused simply through association — such as contact with others who are under investigation — or through messages taken out of context. The evidence can be vast and technical, including months of phone downloads, surveillance logs, and cell-site data. It takes a skilled defence team to unpick it all and show whether a genuine criminal agreement ever existed.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor with experience in conspiracy cases will know how to challenge the prosecution’s assumptions and expose weaknesses in the evidence. They will:

  • Find out the exact basis of the allegation and what role you are said to have played.
  • Review disclosure thoroughly, including phone downloads, EncroChat or encrypted message data, and surveillance records.
  • Examine whether the prosecution can actually prove an agreement between you and others — not just contact or friendship.
  • Challenge how the evidence was obtained, particularly if digital material came from covert operations or foreign law enforcement.
  • Instruct forensic, cell-site, or communication experts to interpret complex digital material and clarify what it really shows.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court, exploring all defences such as lack of knowledge, duress, or mistaken identity.
  • If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeals, including challenges to sentence length or the fairness of the evidence.

Drug conspiracy investigations can be long, stressful, and highly technical. Having an experienced solicitor ensures that your defence is properly investigated, that disclosure is complete, and that every piece of evidence is examined in context rather than accepted at face value.

If you have any questions about drug conspiracy allegations, EncroChat investigations, or how police handle digital evidence — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Drug importation is a serious criminal offence that involves bringing controlled drugs into the United Kingdom, whether through airports, seaports, postal deliveries, or overland routes. It falls under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and covers all classes of drugs — from Class A substances such as cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy to Class B and C drugs like cannabis and certain prescription medications.

Importation charges are usually brought when the prosecution alleges that a person knowingly arranged, facilitated, or took part in bringing controlled drugs into the country. The offence can apply whether the drugs were found in luggage, vehicles, cargo, or packages, and even if the person accused was acting as a courier or was unaware of the full contents of a delivery.

Why these cases are serious

Drug importation is treated as a high-level offence because it often involves organised criminal networks and significant quantities of drugs. Convictions frequently lead to lengthy prison sentences, especially for Class A drugs, and can also involve confiscation of assets under the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA).

However, not everyone accused of importation is part of organised crime. Many people are misled, pressured, or exploited into carrying items without understanding what they contain. Others are falsely implicated through mistaken identity, contaminated evidence, or association with the wrong people. Because these cases often involve international evidence, freight records, and surveillance material, they require expert analysis and careful defence preparation.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will ensure that every stage of the investigation is handled properly and that your side of the story is heard. They will:

  • Find out exactly what evidence the authorities rely on — including border search records, forensic testing, and communication data.
  • Attend your interview under caution, ensuring your rights are protected and that questioning remains within lawful limits.
  • Examine whether customs or police officers followed correct procedures when stopping, searching, or detaining you.
  • Review forensic evidence to confirm the type and quantity of drugs, and whether contamination or mishandling may have occurred.
  • Explore whether you were tricked, coerced, or acting under duress, and gather evidence to support that account.
  • Challenge any assumptions about knowledge or intent — key elements the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and, if convicted, present mitigation to reduce sentencing.

Drug importation cases are complex and often involve several agencies, including the Border Force, National Crime Agency (NCA), and overseas authorities. An experienced solicitor will coordinate your defence, ensure disclosure is properly managed, and protect you from procedural errors that could unfairly strengthen the prosecution’s case.

If you have any questions about drug importation allegations, customs investigations, or what to expect during interviews or court proceedings — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this type of case — please contact us using the links below.

EncroChat wasn’t a crime in itself — it was an encrypted mobile phone system originally designed for privacy and security. It became widely used by people who wanted to communicate securely, including some involved in organised crime. In 2020, law enforcement agencies in France and the Netherlands managed to infiltrate the network, capturing millions of messages that were then shared with UK police. Since then, thousands of people have been arrested and charged with serious offences because of EncroChat data.

Why EncroChat is a problem

The key issue is that EncroChat evidence is unusual and controversial. The messages were obtained through covert international operations, and many defence lawyers argue that the way the data was captured and shared breaks UK legal safeguards. The reliability and admissibility of EncroChat material have been challenged in several court cases, with arguments about whether the messages were “intercepted” in breach of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.

Despite these challenges, the courts have generally allowed EncroChat evidence to be used, leading to hundreds of ongoing prosecutions for serious offences. However, each case still depends heavily on how the data was gathered, stored, and interpreted — and whether the prosecution can prove beyond reasonable doubt who was actually using the device or sending the messages.

What kind of crimes are being investigated

EncroChat material has been used to investigate a wide range of serious offences, including:

  • Large-scale drug supply (Class A and B)
  • Money laundering and organised crime conspiracies
  • Firearms offences
  • Conspiracies to commit violence or kidnap
  • Fraud and blackmail

Many investigations began years after the messages were captured, meaning people are now being arrested or charged based on data that dates back to 2019 or 2020. In some cases, the prosecution’s entire case rests on decoded chat logs and phone handles with no physical evidence linking the accused to the handset.

Why you need a solicitor — and what a good one will do

If you’ve been arrested, invited to interview, or charged in connection with EncroChat material, it’s vital that you have an experienced solicitor who understands how these cases work. EncroChat prosecutions are highly technical and rely on digital forensics, disclosure issues, and complex legal arguments about the admissibility of evidence.

A good solicitor will:

  • Analyse the prosecution’s EncroChat evidence, including the data extraction reports, disclosure schedules, and device attribution reports.
  • Challenge whether the messages can legally be used as evidence and whether the data was lawfully obtained.
  • Examine whether there is independent evidence linking you to the device (for example, fingerprints, cell-site data, or witness accounts).
  • Work with expert barristers and digital forensic specialists to interpret the material and expose any weaknesses or inconsistencies.
  • Ensure that all reasonable lines of enquiry have been pursued, including evidence that may support your defence or undermine the prosecution’s case.
  • Advise and represent you at each stage — from police interview to trial — explaining the process clearly and making sure you are treated fairly.

EncroChat cases are complex, technical, and often misunderstood. Having the right legal team from the start can make the difference between conviction and acquittal.

If you have any questions about EncroChat investigations, or if you need help identifying a solicitor who understands these cases, please contact us using the links below.

Assault is a broad term that covers a range of violent offences, from minor scuffles to incidents causing serious injury. At its lowest level, it can involve threats or minor physical contact, while at its highest, it includes causing significant harm to another person. Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) is one of the most serious forms of assault and refers to causing really serious injury, whether deliberately (known as with intent, under section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861) or recklessly (under section 20). Both are serious criminal offences, and GBH with intent carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Being accused of assault or GBH is a serious matter that can have life-changing consequences. These offences often carry prison sentences, so it’s vital that you have an experienced Criminal Defence Solicitor fighting your corner from the very start. A good solicitor will know exactly how the police work, the tactics they use, and how to protect your rights every step of the way.

The right solicitor will:

  • Find out what suspicions the police have about your alleged involvement and what evidence they believe supports those suspicions.
  • Check your custody record and speak with the Custody Sergeant to make sure proper procedures have been followed.
  • Attend your interview under caution, giving you clear legal advice and ensuring the interviewer stays within their legal powers and the required Codes of Practice.
  • Challenge any unnecessary or disproportionate bail conditions if the police are considering pre-charge bail.
  • If you are charged, analyse the prosecution evidence in full, assess its strengths and weaknesses, take detailed instructions from you, and obtain witness statements or expert evidence about the complainant’s injuries where relevant.
  • Work with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, represent you in court, and guide you on whether to plead guilty or not guilty. They can also make or renew bail applications where appropriate.
  • If convicted, make submissions to reduce the severity of your sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

In many assault or GBH cases, the evidence can be limited to one person’s word against another. It’s common for the police to focus heavily on the complainant’s version of events, which can lead to innocent people being caught up in situations such as bar fights or street altercations that got out of hand. Having the right solicitor ensures your side of the story is properly heard and that all relevant evidence is investigated, not just what suits the prosecution’s narrative.

If you’re facing an investigation or charge for assault or GBH and need help finding a reliable solicitor, get in touch using the links below—we’ll help you find the right legal support for your situation.

Historic sexual offences are allegations made about events that are said to have happened many years, or even decades, in the past. These cases can relate to any alleged sexual offence — including rape, indecent assault, or sexual activity with a minor — but are investigated and prosecuted under the law that existed at the time of the alleged incident.

The passage of time creates real difficulties in historic cases. Memories fade, witnesses move on or pass away, and physical or digital evidence often no longer exists. Despite this, police forces across the UK now actively investigate non-recent allegations, sometimes going back to the 1970s or earlier. Anyone accused of such offences can find themselves suddenly facing arrest, public exposure, and the collapse of their reputation based purely on recollection rather than current evidence.

Why these cases are so challenging

Unlike most criminal investigations, historic sexual offence cases usually depend almost entirely on testimony — often from one complainant with no supporting forensic or physical evidence. Because of this, it’s vital that any investigation is handled fairly and that all reasonable lines of enquiry are pursued, not just those that support the allegation. That includes looking into inconsistencies, opportunities for collusion, missing records, and the accused person’s life at the time.

It’s common for those accused to be shocked at how far the police can go on little more than an allegation. These cases can take years to investigate and bring deep emotional and practical strain, not only for the person accused but also for their family.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor with experience in historic sexual offence cases will know how to handle the complexity and sensitivity involved. They will:

  • Establish exactly what period and conduct the allegations cover, and what evidence (if any) exists from that time.
  • Check whether the alleged offences fall under old or current legislation and what implications that has for the case.
  • Review all disclosure and identify gaps in the police investigation — for example, missing school, employment, or medical records that could assist your defence.
  • Investigate potential motives for false or mistaken allegations, such as family disputes, compensation claims, or recovered-memory therapy.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case, including obtaining witness statements, expert testimony, and any available supporting documents.
  • If charged, ensure that the prosecution evidence is properly tested and that juries understand the problems that long delays create for fairness and reliability.
  • If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeal routes.

Historic allegations can be among the most difficult and distressing cases to go through. A solicitor who understands the emotional and evidential challenges will not only focus on the legal defence but also help you and your family cope with the process and avoid common pitfalls.

If you have any questions about historic sexual offence allegations, police investigations, or what to do if contacted about a non-recent complaint — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this type of case — please contact us using the links below.

Human trafficking is the illegal movement, recruitment, or harbouring of people for the purpose of exploitation. It doesn’t always involve crossing borders — trafficking can happen entirely within the UK. Under the Modern Slavery Act 2015, it is an offence to arrange or facilitate the travel of another person with a view to exploiting them, whether through forced labour, sexual exploitation, criminal activity, domestic servitude, or organ harvesting.

The law treats human trafficking very seriously because it often involves vulnerable people being controlled, threatened, or deceived. However, these cases can be extremely complex. Sometimes people accused of trafficking are themselves victims of exploitation, or have been unfairly blamed for actions they did not control or even understand. Others are wrongly accused because of cultural misunderstandings, family arrangements, or association with someone under investigation.

Why these cases are so complicated

Human trafficking cases often involve several countries, agencies, and languages. The evidence can include surveillance, phone and travel records, witness statements, and intelligence material from international law enforcement. Allegations are sometimes linked to broader investigations into organised crime, which can make it harder to separate truth from assumption.

There are also many situations where exploitation is alleged but consent and circumstance are disputed — for example, where people were working illegally or living together voluntarily. Because the term “trafficking” is broad, it’s vital to understand exactly what the prosecution says happened and whether it truly meets the legal definition.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure your rights are protected, that the investigation is fair, and that any vulnerabilities or misunderstandings are fully explored. They will:

  • Find out the exact basis of the allegation and the evidence being relied upon by police or immigration authorities.
  • Attend and advise you at interview, ensuring questioning stays within lawful limits and that you have the chance to properly explain your situation.
  • Review all disclosure, including surveillance logs, mobile data, and travel or financial records, and check for material that supports your account.
  • Explore whether you may actually be a victim rather than a perpetrator under the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and advise on how that status could affect the case.
  • Instruct expert interpreters, cultural advisers, or trafficking specialists where needed to explain background context or misunderstandings.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case and challenge the prosecution’s evidence in court.
  • If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on potential appeal routes.

Human trafficking investigations can be lengthy, stressful, and confusing. Having the right solicitor ensures you have someone who understands the law, the procedures, and the human impact, and who will fight to make sure the case is dealt with fairly.

If you have any questions about human trafficking or modern slavery allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Indecent Images

Possessing or sharing indecent images of children is a serious criminal offence under the Protection of Children Act 1978 and the Criminal Justice Act 1988. The law defines an “indecent image” as any image, whether photo, video, or computer-generated, that is considered indecent and shows a person under the age of 18. The offence covers possession, making (which includes downloading or saving), distribution, and production of such material.

The term “making” often causes confusion. In law, you can be charged with making indecent images simply by viewing or opening them online, because a temporary copy may be created on your device. That means someone can face prosecution even if they never deliberately saved or shared the material. The images are usually graded by seriousness into three categories (A, B and C), which can affect sentencing.

Why these cases are so difficult

Indecent image investigations are complex and can have devastating personal consequences. People accused often face immediate arrest, device seizure, suspension from work, and social stigma long before any charges are made. In many cases, the accused may have no idea why they are being investigated, or may be the victim of mistaken identity, malware, file-sharing software, or unauthorised access to their devices.

The investigation process can take many months while the police examine computers, phones, tablets, and cloud backups. During this time, it’s vital to have an experienced solicitor who understands both the law and the technical aspects of digital forensics.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will ensure that your case is handled fairly, that your rights are protected, and that evidence is examined in context rather than simply accepted at face value. They will:

  • Find out exactly what the police suspect and what devices or accounts are being examined.
  • Make sure proper procedures are followed when devices are seized and analysed, including maintaining a clear chain of evidence.
  • Obtain full disclosure of the digital forensic reports and identify whether material truly amounts to indecent images in law.
  • Explore whether the alleged material could have been automatically downloaded, cached, or created without your knowledge.
  • Instruct independent forensic experts where necessary to re-examine the data and provide an alternative professional opinion.
  • Advise and represent you during interviews, bail hearings, or any court appearances, ensuring that the prosecution is held to strict proof.
  • If charged, prepare your defence with specialist Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel and help you understand the possible outcomes and sentencing guidelines.

Because of the sensitivity of these allegations, the right solicitor will also handle matters discreetly and professionally, minimising publicity and helping you and your family navigate what can be an extremely distressing process.

If you have any questions about indecent image allegations, how digital investigations work, or what happens after your devices are seized — or if you need help identifying a solicitor with experience in this area — please contact us using the links below.

Homicide means the unlawful killing of another person and covers several different offences, including murder, manslaughter, and corporate manslaughter. It’s one of the most serious areas of criminal law, carrying life-changing consequences for everyone involved.

Murder is defined as causing the death of another person with intent to kill or to cause really serious harm. It carries a mandatory life sentence on conviction, though the minimum term before release depends on the circumstances. Murder cases are often complex and can involve forensic evidence, psychiatric assessments, and detailed reconstruction of events.

Because of how serious and technical these investigations are, anyone accused or under investigation for homicide or murder needs immediate, specialist legal support. These cases demand careful preparation, close analysis of the evidence, and a solicitor who can ensure that your rights are fully protected at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will:

  • Establish what the police suspect, what evidence they believe supports that suspicion, and whether it has been lawfully obtained.
  • Review the custody record and ensure all police procedures have been correctly followed.
  • Attend and advise you at the police interview, protecting your rights and ensuring the questioning remains within lawful limits.
  • Analyse the prosecution case in detail, gather witness statements, CCTV, phone data, and forensic or medical evidence to build your defence.
  • Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and guide you through each stage of proceedings.
  • Where relevant, obtain expert psychological or psychiatric reports, particularly where issues such as diminished responsibility, provocation, or mental health crises arise.
  • If convicted, prepare submissions to mitigate the sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

Homicide investigations are lengthy and emotionally demanding. They often attract media attention and can have a devastating effect on your family and reputation. Having the right solicitor means having someone who can handle the legal complexities, support you through the process, and ensure your side of the story is properly heard.


Manslaughter

Manslaughter applies when someone has caused another person’s death, but without the intent to kill or cause really serious harm. It is divided into two main types:

  • Voluntary manslaughter, where there was intent to cause harm, but there are special circumstances such as loss of control, diminished responsibility, or a suicide pact.
  • Involuntary manslaughter, where there was no intent to harm, but death occurred due to reckless or grossly negligent behaviour — for example, during a fight that got out of hand or through a dangerous act without proper care.

Although manslaughter does not carry a mandatory life sentence, it is still treated as an extremely serious offence, and the sentence can be lengthy. The right legal representation is essential to ensure all the evidence, intent, and surrounding circumstances are carefully examined.


Corporate Manslaughter

Corporate Manslaughter is when a company or organisation is found responsible for a death caused by serious management failings amounting to a gross breach of a duty of care. This can arise from unsafe working conditions, poor safety procedures, or neglect of known risks.

Investigations into corporate manslaughter are complex and can involve multiple agencies, including the police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The consequences can include unlimited fines, remedial orders, and lasting reputational damage. Legal advice at an early stage is crucial for both organisations and individuals under scrutiny.


If you have any questions about homicide, murder, or manslaughter allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor to guide you through what’s happening — please contact us using the links below.

Modern slavery is a broad term used to describe situations where people are controlled, coerced, or exploited for another person’s gain. It includes offences such as forced labour, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and criminal exploitation. Under the Modern Slavery Act 2015, it is a crime to hold another person in slavery or servitude, or to require them to perform forced or compulsory labour.

The law recognises that victims may be trapped through threats, violence, debt, deception, or abuse of power — and that they may appear to consent because they see no other option. However, it’s important to understand that not everyone accused of modern slavery is a trafficker or exploiter. In many cases, the accused person may also have been a victim, acting under pressure, fear, or misunderstanding.

Why these cases are difficult

Modern slavery investigations are often complex, involving multiple agencies such as the police, immigration enforcement, and the Home Office. They can include evidence from phone data, bank records, travel documents, and witness statements taken across different countries. The definition of “exploitation” is wide, and prosecutors sometimes bring charges where the facts are disputed or where the accused had little or no control over what was happening.

The emotional and reputational impact of a modern slavery allegation is enormous. These cases often attract press attention and carry severe penalties, including long prison sentences and confiscation of assets. Having specialist legal advice from the earliest stage is crucial to ensure the investigation stays fair and the evidence is properly tested.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how modern slavery and human trafficking cases are built, and will make sure that all relevant facts — including your own background and circumstances — are fully considered. They will:

  • Find out the precise basis of the allegation and obtain disclosure of the evidence against you.
  • Attend and advise you at police interview, ensuring that your account is recorded accurately and that questioning stays within lawful limits.
  • Check that investigators are following the correct procedures under the Modern Slavery Act and the National Referral Mechanism (NRM).
  • Explore whether you should have been identified as a potential victim rather than an offender, and make the necessary referrals if appropriate.
  • Instruct cultural or trafficking experts to help the court understand your situation, especially where language or cultural factors may have led to misunderstanding.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and challenge any assumptions made by the prosecution.
  • If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on possible appeal routes.

Modern slavery cases are some of the most complex and sensitive in the criminal justice system. Having the right solicitor ensures that your rights are protected, the facts are properly investigated, and that any vulnerabilities or exploitation you have suffered are recognised in law.

If you have any questions about modern slavery allegations, the investigation process, or how the National Referral Mechanism works — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in this area — please contact us using the links below.

Homicide means the unlawful killing of another person and covers several different offences, including murder, manslaughter, and corporate manslaughter. It’s one of the most serious areas of criminal law, carrying life-changing consequences for everyone involved.

Murder is defined as causing the death of another person with intent to kill or to cause really serious harm. It carries a mandatory life sentence on conviction, though the minimum term before release depends on the circumstances. Murder cases are often complex and can involve forensic evidence, psychiatric assessments, and detailed reconstruction of events.

Because of how serious and technical these investigations are, anyone accused or under investigation for homicide or murder needs immediate, specialist legal support. These cases demand careful preparation, close analysis of the evidence, and a solicitor who can ensure that your rights are fully protected at every stage of the process.

A good solicitor will:

  • Establish what the police suspect, what evidence they believe supports that suspicion, and whether it has been lawfully obtained.
  • Review the custody record and ensure all police procedures have been correctly followed.
  • Attend and advise you at the police interview, protecting your rights and ensuring the questioning remains within lawful limits.
  • Analyse the prosecution case in detail, gather witness statements, CCTV, phone data, and forensic or medical evidence to build your defence.
  • Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case for court and guide you through each stage of proceedings.
  • Where relevant, obtain expert psychological or psychiatric reports, particularly where issues such as diminished responsibility, provocation, or mental health crises arise.
  • If convicted, prepare submissions to mitigate the sentence and advise on possible grounds for appeal.

Homicide investigations are lengthy and emotionally demanding. They often attract media attention and can have a devastating effect on your family and reputation. Having the right solicitor means having someone who can handle the legal complexities, support you through the process, and ensure your side of the story is properly heard.


Manslaughter

Manslaughter applies when someone has caused another person’s death, but without the intent to kill or cause really serious harm. It is divided into two main types:

  • Voluntary manslaughter, where there was intent to cause harm, but there are special circumstances such as loss of control, diminished responsibility, or a suicide pact.
  • Involuntary manslaughter, where there was no intent to harm, but death occurred due to reckless or grossly negligent behaviour — for example, during a fight that got out of hand or through a dangerous act without proper care.

Although manslaughter does not carry a mandatory life sentence, it is still treated as an extremely serious offence, and the sentence can be lengthy. The right legal representation is essential to ensure all the evidence, intent, and surrounding circumstances are carefully examined.


Corporate Manslaughter

Corporate Manslaughter is when a company or organisation is found responsible for a death caused by serious management failings amounting to a gross breach of a duty of care. This can arise from unsafe working conditions, poor safety procedures, or neglect of known risks.

Investigations into corporate manslaughter are complex and can involve multiple agencies, including the police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The consequences can include unlimited fines, remedial orders, and lasting reputational damage. Legal advice at an early stage is crucial for both organisations and individuals under scrutiny.


If you have any questions about homicide, murder, or manslaughter allegations — or if you need help identifying a solicitor to guide you through what’s happening — please contact us using the links below.

Possession with intent to supply is a serious criminal offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. It means being found in possession of controlled drugs — such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, or other substances — where the police or prosecution believe those drugs were intended for someone else, rather than for your own personal use.

This offence applies to all classes of drugs (A, B, and C). It doesn’t require an actual sale to have taken place; the “intent to supply” can be inferred from the quantity of drugs, the way they were packaged, the presence of cash, phones, scales, or messages suggesting dealing activity.

Why these cases are serious

Possession with intent to supply is treated by the courts as more serious than simple possession because it implies dealing or distribution. Sentences can range from community orders to lengthy prison terms depending on the drug type, quantity, and role alleged — whether someone is seen as a street-level dealer, courier, or organiser.

However, not every person found with drugs is involved in supply. It’s common for police to assume intent based purely on amount or circumstance. Some people may share drugs socially or hold them for others without any intent to sell. Others may have been pressured or exploited by more serious offenders. That’s why it’s vital to have a solicitor who can properly test the evidence and put your account across clearly.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure that your case is handled fairly and that every assumption about intent is properly challenged. They will:

  • Find out exactly what drugs were seized and how the police say they were found.
  • Ensure that stop, search, and seizure procedures were carried out lawfully under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE).
  • Review all evidence such as phone downloads, text messages, and financial records to see whether it genuinely supports an intent to supply.
  • Examine forensic reports for purity, weight, and handling issues that could affect reliability.
  • Explore whether you were holding the drugs for personal use, under pressure, or on behalf of someone else.
  • Instruct independent forensic or digital experts where needed to test police conclusions.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence, challenge the prosecution’s interpretation, and advise you clearly on plea and sentence options.

Having the right solicitor early on can make a huge difference — particularly before charge, when representations can sometimes prevent a case from going to court at all.

If you have any questions about possession with intent to supply, police searches, or the court process — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in drug cases — please contact us using the links below.

Rape is one of the most serious criminal offences in English law. It is defined under section 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 as intentionally penetrating another person’s vagina, anus, or mouth with a penis without their consent, and without a reasonable belief that they consented. The law focuses heavily on consent and the accused person’s state of mind — what they believed, and whether that belief was reasonable in the circumstances.

The maximum sentence for rape is life imprisonment. However, it is important to understand that not every allegation of rape results in a charge or conviction. The key question in most cases is not whether sexual activity took place, but whether both people consented. These cases often arise from misunderstandings, false allegations, or situations involving alcohol or drugs where memories and perceptions differ.

Why these cases are so complex

Rape investigations are detailed and sensitive. The police gather evidence such as forensic samples, messages, call logs, CCTV, and witness accounts, often over many months. Digital evidence from phones and social media can play a major role, but it must be examined fairly and in context — not selectively. Many people facing rape allegations have never been in trouble before and find the process frightening and overwhelming. Having a solicitor who understands both the law and the emotional strain of such an allegation is crucial.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will protect your rights, ensure the investigation is fair, and help the police and CPS to consider evidence that supports your innocence as well as what may appear to support the complaint. They will:

  • Find out what the allegation is based on and what evidence the police currently hold.
  • Attend and advise you during your police interview under caution, ensuring you are treated fairly and that your account is clearly recorded.
  • Make sure that all procedures under PACE and the CPIA Code are properly followed, including the duty to pursue reasonable lines of enquiry that point away from guilt.
  • Review digital evidence such as texts, social media, and location data to identify material that supports your account of consent or contradicts the complainant’s version.
  • Where necessary, request expert evidence — for example, medical, psychological, or forensic reports — to clarify issues of timing, injury, or credibility.
  • If you are charged, prepare your defence with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel, ensuring every element of the case is properly challenged in court.
  • If convicted, advise you on mitigation and possible grounds for appeal.

Because rape cases often turn on questions of consent, communication, and credibility, having a strong, experienced solicitor is essential. They can make sure that the investigation remains balanced, that your voice is properly heard, and that the CPS do not proceed unless the evidence genuinely meets the legal threshold for charge.

If you have any questions about rape allegations, the police process, or how to find the right solicitor for your case, please contact us using the links below.

“Revenge porn” is the common term for the offence of disclosing private sexual photographs or videos without consent, with the intention of causing distress. It was introduced by section 33 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015. The law applies whether the images were shared online, through messaging apps, email, or even printed or shown to others in person.

The offence doesn’t just cover ex-partners posting images out of anger. It includes any situation where sexual images, taken privately, are shared without the person’s agreement and where it can be shown that the intent was to cause them distress. It can also apply even if the person sharing the material originally took the photo or video themselves.

The maximum sentence is two years’ imprisonment, and offenders can also face restraining orders, sex offender notification requirements, and long-term reputational damage. Because of how easily private material can spread online, even a single upload or message can have devastating consequences.

Why these cases are complicated

Revenge porn allegations often arise from relationship breakdowns, misunderstandings, or situations where consent around sharing isn’t clear. Sometimes images are shared automatically through cloud backups, old messages, or hacked accounts. In other cases, someone else may have accessed the material and posted it without the accused person’s knowledge. Establishing who actually uploaded or sent the image — and with what intent — is crucial.

These cases often involve digital forensics, social-media records, and disclosure of messages between the parties. They can be emotionally charged and highly intrusive, so having a calm, experienced solicitor guiding you through each step makes all the difference.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will make sure the police investigation remains fair, proportionate, and based on evidence rather than assumption. They will:

  • Find out what material is alleged to have been shared, how it was obtained, and whether there is proof that you were the person who sent or uploaded it.
  • Review the digital and metadata evidence to check for technical explanations such as hacked accounts, synced devices, or automatic backups.
  • Attend and advise you at any police interview, ensuring your account is properly recorded and that questioning stays within lawful limits.
  • Challenge whether the prosecution can prove both intent to cause distress and lack of consent — both of which must be shown for a conviction.
  • Instruct digital-forensics experts or cyber specialists where necessary to analyse phone or account activity.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and represent you in court if charged.
  • If convicted, prepare mitigation and advise on potential appeal routes.

Because of the personal nature of these cases, discretion and sensitivity are essential. A solicitor with experience in sexual-image offences will protect your privacy wherever possible, deal directly with police digital-evidence units, and help manage the emotional impact on you and your family.

If you have any questions about revenge porn allegations, online image sharing, or what to do if the police have seized your phone — or if you need help identifying a solicitor experienced in these cases — please contact us using the links below.

Sexual assault is a serious criminal offence that covers a wide range of unwanted sexual contact. In law, it means intentionally touching another person sexually without their consent and without a reasonable belief that they consented. The legal definition comes from section 3 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. “Sexual touching” can include anything from groping or kissing through clothing to more direct contact, and it applies regardless of gender.

Sexual assault allegations are treated extremely seriously by the police and Crown Prosecution Service. They often rely on one person’s word against another, and even a false or mistaken allegation can have devastating effects on someone’s life, career, and relationships. These cases are sensitive and complex, especially when alcohol, social situations, or miscommunication are involved. That’s why anyone accused of sexual assault needs careful, experienced legal representation from the very beginning.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how sexual offence investigations work and how easily the facts can be misunderstood or misrepresented. From the moment of arrest or voluntary interview, you have the right to legal advice — and that advice should come from a solicitor who regularly handles sexual offence cases.

They will:

  • Find out exactly what the police suspect, what evidence they claim to have, and how it has been gathered.
  • Attend and advise you during any interview under caution, ensuring that you do not say anything that could later be misinterpreted.
  • Check that the police and investigators are following all the correct procedures under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) and the Code of Practice.
  • Review digital evidence such as phone downloads, messages, social media, and CCTV, to make sure it has been handled fairly and that material which may support your account is not being overlooked.
  • Identify any inconsistencies or delays in the complainant’s account, and ensure that reasonable lines of enquiry are pursued that could point away from guilt.
  • Work with experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your case, obtain expert evidence if needed (forensic, medical, or psychological), and advise you clearly on whether to plead guilty or not guilty.
  • If you are charged, they will support you through the Crown Court process and, if convicted, advise on sentencing and any grounds for appeal.

Sexual assault allegations can take months or even years to investigate, and the uncertainty can be overwhelming. Having the right solicitor helps ensure that the process stays fair and that your rights are protected throughout. They will also help manage contact with the police, explain what happens next, and keep you informed in plain English every step of the way.

If you have any questions about sexual assault allegations, police interviews, or the investigation process — or if you need help identifying a solicitor with expertise in this area — please contact us using the links below.

The offence of sexual communication with a child was introduced in 2017 under section 15A of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It makes it a crime for an adult to intentionally communicate with someone under 16 for a sexual purpose. The communication can be by message, call, social media, video, or any online or digital means. It doesn’t matter if no physical contact ever took place — simply sending or requesting sexual messages or images can lead to an investigation or prosecution.

To prove the offence, the prosecution must show that the communication was sexual in nature or intended to encourage the child to make sexual communication in return, and that the adult knew or believed the person was under 16. In many cases, the “child” is actually an undercover police officer or a so-called “paedophile hunter” posing as a child online, which can make the evidence complex and the law difficult to interpret.

Why these cases are so serious

Allegations of sexual communication with a child are treated with the same gravity as contact offences. Conviction can lead to a prison sentence, registration on the Sex Offenders Register, and long-term restrictions on work, travel, and relationships. Even before a charge is made, the stigma alone can be devastating. Because of the sensitive and technical nature of these cases — especially where digital evidence and undercover operations are involved — it’s vital to have experienced legal representation from the start.

Why you need a solicitor

A good Criminal Defence Solicitor will understand how these investigations are conducted and will protect your rights at every stage. They will:

  • Find out exactly what messages or communications are being relied upon and how the evidence was obtained.
  • Attend your police interview under caution, ensuring you receive proper legal advice and that questioning remains within lawful limits.
  • Examine the digital evidence and disclosure schedules to see whether the material has been accurately recorded and presented in context.
  • Assess whether the alleged victim was real or part of an undercover operation, and whether police procedures under PACE and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) were correctly followed.
  • Work with digital forensic experts to confirm whether the accounts or messages can be reliably attributed to you.
  • Instruct experienced Criminal Defence Barristers or King’s Counsel to prepare your defence and represent you in court if required.
  • If convicted, prepare detailed mitigation and advise you on possible grounds for appeal.

These cases often involve chat logs, phone extractions, and online profiles that can easily be misinterpreted or taken out of context. A strong legal team will make sure the whole picture is seen, not just selected messages chosen by the prosecution.

If you have any questions about sexual communication allegations, digital evidence, or police interviews — or if you need help identifying a solicitor who understands these types of cases — please contact us using the links below.